All local file systems must employ journaling or another mechanism ensuring file system consistency.
File system journaling, or logging, can allow reconstruction of file system data after a system crash preserving the integrity of data that may have otherwise been lost. Journaling file systems typically do not require consistency checks upon booting after a crash, which can improve system availability. Some file systems employ other mechanisms to ensure consistency also satisfying this requirement.
How this relates to the STIG checklist: STIG vs SCAP benchmark.