User passwords must be at least 15 characters in length.
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting guessing and brute-force attacks.
Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. The shorter the password is, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.
How this relates to the STIG checklist: STIG vs SCAP benchmark.