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Objective ID
Severity
Discussion
V-217846
low
The "/tmp" partition is used as temporary storage by many programs. Placing "/tmp" in its own partition enables the setting of more restrictive mount options, which can help protect programs which use it.
V-217847
low
Ensuring that "/var" is mounted on its own partition enables the setting of more restrictive mount options. This helps protect system services such as daemons or other programs which use it. It is not uncommon for the "/var" directory to contain world-writable directories, installed by other software packages.
V-217848
low
Placing "/var/log" in its own partition enables better separation between log files and other files in "/var/".
V-217849
low
Placing "/var/log/audit" in its own partition enables better separation between audit files and other files, and helps ensure that auditing cannot be halted due to the partition running out of space.
V-217850
medium
Notifying administrators of an impending disk space problem may allow them to take corrective action prior to any disruption.
V-217851
low
Ensuring that "/home" is mounted on its own partition enables the setting of more restrictive mount options, and also helps ensure that users cannot trivially fill partitions used for log or audit data storage.
V-217852
high
The Red Hat GPG keys are necessary to cryptographically verify packages are from Red Hat.
V-217853
low
Although systems management and patching is extremely important to system security, management by a system outside the enterprise enclave is not desirable for some environments. However, if the system is being managed by RHN or RHN Satellite Server the "rhnsd" daemon can remain on.
V-217854
medium
Installing software updates is a fundamental mitigation against the exploitation of publicly-known vulnerabilities.
V-217855
medium
Ensuring the validity of packages' cryptographic signatures prior to installation ensures the provenance of the software and protects against malicious tampering.
V-217856
low
Ensuring all packages' cryptographic signatures are valid prior to installation ensures the provenance of the software and protects against malicious tampering.
V-217857
medium
The AIDE package must be installed if it is to be available for integrity checking.
V-217858
medium
Disabling a major host protection feature, such as SELinux, at boot time prevents it from confining system services at boot time. Further, it increases the chances that it will remain off during system operation.
V-217859
medium
For AIDE to be effective, an initial database of "known-good" information about files must be captured and it should be able to be verified against the installed files.
V-217860
high
Trust files are convenient, but when used in conjunction with the R-services, they can allow unauthenticated access to a system.
V-217861
medium
Setting the SELinux state to enforcing ensures SELinux is able to confine potentially compromised processes to the security policy, which is designed to prevent them from causing damage to the system or further elevating their privileges.
Per OPORD 16-0080, the preferred intrusion detection system is McAfee Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) in conjunction with SELinux. However, McAfee Endpoint Security for Linux (ENSL) is an approved alternative to both McAfee Virus Scan Enterprise (VSE) and HIPS. In either scenario, SELinux is interoperable with the McAfee products and SELinux is still required.
Per OPORD 16-0080, the preferred intrusion detection system is McAfee Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) in conjunction with SELinux. However, McAfee Endpoint Security for Linux (ENSL) is an approved alternative to both McAfee Virus Scan Enterprise (VSE) and HIPS. In either scenario, SELinux is interoperable with the McAfee products and SELinux is still required.
V-217862
high
The .shosts and shosts.equiv files are used to configure host-based authentication for the system via SSH. Host-based authentication is not sufficient for preventing unauthorized access to the system, as it does not require interactive identification and authentication of a connection request, or for the use of two-factor authentication.
V-217863
low
Setting the SELinux policy to "targeted" or a more specialized policy ensures the system will confine processes that are likely to be targeted for exploitation, such as network or system services.
V-217864
low
If a device file carries the SELinux type "unlabeled_t", then SELinux cannot properly restrict access to the device file.
V-217865
medium
Preventing direct root login to virtual console devices helps ensure accountability for actions taken on the system using the root account.
V-217866
low
Preventing direct root login to serial port interfaces helps ensure accountability for actions taken on the systems using the root account.
V-217867
medium
Disabling authentication for default system accounts makes it more difficult for attackers to make use of them to compromise a system.
V-217868
high
If an account has an empty password, anyone could log in and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments.
V-217869
medium
The hashes for all user account passwords should be stored in the file "/etc/shadow" and never in "/etc/passwd", which is readable by all users.
V-217870
medium
An account has root authority if it has a UID of 0. Multiple accounts with a UID of 0 afford more opportunity for potential intruders to guess a password for a privileged account. Proper configuration of sudo is recommended to afford multiple system administrators access to root privileges in an accountable manner.
V-217871
medium
The "/etc/shadow" file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.
V-217872
medium
The "/etc/shadow" file stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217873
medium
The "/etc/shadow" file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.
V-217874
medium
The "/etc/gshadow" file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217875
medium
The "/etc/gshadow" file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217876
medium
The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217877
medium
The "/etc/passwd" file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217878
medium
The "/etc/passwd" file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217879
medium
If the "/etc/passwd" file is writable by a group-owner or the world the risk of its compromise is increased. The file contains the list of accounts on the system and associated information, and protection of this file is critical for system security.
V-217880
medium
The "/etc/group" file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
V-217881
medium
The "/etc/group" file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
V-217882
medium
The "/etc/group" file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
V-217883
medium
Files from shared library directories are loaded into the address space of processes (including privileged ones) or of the kernel itself at runtime. Restrictive permissions are necessary to protect the integrity of the system.
V-217884
medium
Files from shared library directories are loaded into the address space of processes (including privileged ones) or of the kernel itself at runtime. Proper ownership is necessary to protect the integrity of the system.
V-217885
medium
System binaries are executed by privileged users, as well as system services, and restrictive permissions are necessary to ensure execution of these programs cannot be co-opted.
V-217886
medium
System binaries are executed by privileged users as well as system services, and restrictive permissions are necessary to ensure that their execution of these programs cannot be co-opted.
V-217887
medium
Requiring a minimum password length makes password cracking attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space. However, any security benefit from an onerous requirement must be carefully weighed against usability problems, support costs, or counterproductive behavior that may result.
While it does not negate the password length requirement, it is preferable to migrate from a password-based authentication scheme to a stronger one based on PKI (public key infrastructure).
While it does not negate the password length requirement, it is preferable to migrate from a password-based authentication scheme to a stronger one based on PKI (public key infrastructure).
V-217888
medium
Setting the minimum password age protects against users cycling back to a favorite password after satisfying the password reuse requirement.
V-217889
medium
Setting the password maximum age ensures users are required to periodically change their passwords. This could possibly decrease the utility of a stolen password. Requiring shorter password lifetimes increases the risk of users writing down the password in a convenient location subject to physical compromise.
V-217890
low
Setting the password warning age enables users to make the change at a practical time.
V-217891
medium
Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, system and application account passwords need to be changed periodically. If an organization fails to change the system and application account passwords at least annually, there is the risk that the account passwords could be compromised.
V-217892
low
Requiring digits makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.
V-217893
low
Requiring a minimum number of uppercase characters makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.
V-217894
low
Requiring a minimum number of special characters makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.
V-217895
low
Requiring a minimum number of lower-case characters makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.
V-217896
low
Requiring a minimum number of different characters during password changes ensures that newly changed passwords should not resemble previously compromised ones. Note that passwords which are changed on compromised systems will still be compromised, however.
V-217897
medium
Locking out user accounts after a number of incorrect attempts prevents direct password guessing attacks.
V-217898
medium
Using a stronger hashing algorithm makes password cracking attacks more difficult.
V-217899
medium
Using a stronger hashing algorithm makes password cracking attacks more difficult.
V-217900
medium
Using a stronger hashing algorithm makes password cracking attacks more difficult.
V-217901
medium
Only root should be able to modify important boot parameters.
V-217902
medium
The "root" group is a highly-privileged group. Furthermore, the group-owner of this file should not have any access privileges anyway.
V-217903
medium
Proper permissions ensure that only the root user can modify important boot parameters.
V-217904
medium
Password protection on the boot loader configuration ensures users with physical access cannot trivially alter important bootloader settings. These include which kernel to use, and whether to enter single-user mode.
V-217905
medium
This prevents attackers with physical access from trivially bypassing security on the machine and gaining root access. Such accesses are further prevented by configuring the bootloader password.
V-217906
medium
Using interactive boot, the console user could disable auditing, firewalls, or other services, weakening system security.
V-217907
low
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by the managed network element.
Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, de-allocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level and de-allocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single operating system-level network connection. This does not mean that the operating system terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.
Satisfies: SRG-OS-000029-GPOS-00010, SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072
Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, de-allocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level and de-allocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single operating system-level network connection. This does not mean that the operating system terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.
Satisfies: SRG-OS-000029-GPOS-00010, SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072
V-217908
medium
An appropriate warning message reinforces policy awareness during the logon process and facilitates possible legal action against attackers.
V-217909
medium
Address space layout randomization (ASLR) makes it more difficult for an attacker to predict the location of attack code he or she has introduced into a process's address space during an attempt at exploitation. Additionally, ASLR also makes it more difficult for an attacker to know the location of existing code in order to repurpose it using return oriented programming (ROP) techniques.
V-217910
medium
ExecShield uses the segmentation feature on all x86 systems to prevent execution in memory higher than a certain address. It writes an address as a limit in the code segment descriptor, to control where code can be executed, on a per-process basis. When the kernel places a process's memory regions such as the stack and heap higher than this address, the hardware prevents execution in that address range.
V-217911
medium
Sending ICMP redirects permits the system to instruct other systems to update their routing information. The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.
V-217912
medium
Sending ICMP redirects permits the system to instruct other systems to update their routing information. The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.
V-217913
medium
IP forwarding permits the kernel to forward packets from one network interface to another. The ability to forward packets between two networks is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.
V-217914
medium
Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
V-217915
medium
Accepting ICMP redirects has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
V-217916
medium
Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
V-217917
low
The presence of "martian" packets (which have impossible addresses) as well as spoofed packets, source-routed packets, and redirects could be a sign of nefarious network activity. Logging these packets enables this activity to be detected.
V-217918
medium
Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
V-217919
medium
Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
V-217920
low
This feature of the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
V-217921
low
Ignoring ICMP echo requests (pings) sent to broadcast or multicast addresses makes the system slightly more difficult to enumerate on the network.
V-217922
low
Ignoring bogus ICMP error responses reduces log size, although some activity would not be logged.
V-217923
medium
A TCP SYN flood attack can cause a denial of service by filling a system's TCP connection table with connections in the SYN_RCVD state. Syncookies can be used to track a connection when a subsequent ACK is received, verifying the initiator is attempting a valid connection and is not a flood source. This feature is activated when a flood condition is detected, and enables the system to continue servicing valid connection requests.
V-217924
medium
Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.
V-217925
medium
Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.
V-217926
medium
An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
V-217927
medium
The "ip6tables" service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv6 and ICMPv6.
V-217928
medium
The "ip6tables" service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv6 and ICMPv6.
V-217929
medium
The "ip6tables" service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv6 and ICMPv6.
V-217930
medium
The "iptables" service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv4 and ICMP.
V-217931
medium
The "iptables" service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv4 and ICMP.
V-217932
medium
The "iptables" service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv4 and ICMP.
V-217933
medium
In "iptables" the default policy is applied only after all the applicable rules in the table are examined for a match. Setting the default policy to "DROP" implements proper design for a firewall, i.e., any packets which are not explicitly permitted should not be accepted.
V-217934
medium
Disabling DCCP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.
V-217935
medium
Disabling SCTP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.
V-217936
low
Disabling RDS protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.
V-217937
medium
Disabling TIPC protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.
V-217938
medium
The log files generated by rsyslog contain valuable information regarding system configuration, user authentication, and other such information. Log files should be protected from unauthorized access.
V-217939
medium
The log files generated by rsyslog contain valuable information regarding system configuration, user authentication, and other such information. Log files should be protected from unauthorized access.
V-217940
medium
Log files can contain valuable information regarding system configuration. If the system log files are not protected, unauthorized users could change the logged data, eliminating their forensic value.
V-217941
medium
A log server (loghost) receives syslog messages from one or more systems. This data can be used as an additional log source in the event a system is compromised and its local logs are suspect. Forwarding log messages to a remote loghost also provides system administrators with a centralized place to view the status of multiple hosts within the enterprise.
V-217942
medium
A log server (loghost) receives syslog messages from one or more systems. This data can be used as an additional log source in the event a system is compromised and its local logs are suspect. Forwarding log messages to a remote loghost also provides system administrators with a centralized place to view the status of multiple hosts within the enterprise.
V-217943
low
Log files that are not properly rotated run the risk of growing so large that they fill up the /var/log partition. Valuable logging information could be lost if the /var/log partition becomes full.
V-217944
medium
Ensuring the "auditd" service is active ensures audit records generated by the kernel can be written to disk, or that appropriate actions will be taken if other obstacles exist.
V-217945
medium
Ensuring the "auditd" service is active ensures audit records generated by the kernel can be written to disk, or that appropriate actions will be taken if other obstacles exist.
V-217946
medium
Ensuring the "auditd" service is active ensures audit records generated by the kernel can be written to disk, or that appropriate actions will be taken if other obstacles exist.
V-217947
medium
The total storage for audit log files must be large enough to retain log information over the period required. This is a function of the maximum log file size and the number of logs retained.
V-217948
medium
The total storage for audit log files must be large enough to retain log information over the period required. This is a function of the maximum log file size and the number of logs retained.
V-217949
medium
Automatically rotating logs (by setting this to "rotate") minimizes the chances of the system unexpectedly running out of disk space by being overwhelmed with log data. However, for systems that must never discard log data, or which use external processes to transfer it and reclaim space, "keep_logs" can be employed.
V-217950
medium
Administrators should be made aware of an inability to record audit records. If a separate partition or logical volume of adequate size is used, running low on space for audit records should never occur.
V-217951
low
Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.
V-217952
low
Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.
V-217953
low
Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.
V-217954
low
Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.
V-217955
low
Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.
V-217956
low
In addition to auditing new user and group accounts, these watches will alert the system administrator(s) to any modifications. Any unexpected users, groups, or modifications should be investigated for legitimacy.
V-217957
low
In addition to auditing new user and group accounts, these watches will alert the system administrator(s) to any modifications. Any unexpected users, groups, or modifications should be investigated for legitimacy.
V-217958
low
In addition to auditing new user and group accounts, these watches will alert the system administrator(s) to any modifications. Any unexpected users, groups, or modifications should be investigated for legitimacy.
V-217959
low
In addition to auditing new user and group accounts, these watches will alert the system administrator(s) to any modifications. Any unexpected users, groups, or modifications should be investigated for legitimacy.
V-217960
low
The network environment should not be modified by anything other than administrator action. Any change to network parameters should be audited.
V-217961
low
The system's mandatory access policy (SELinux) should not be arbitrarily changed by anything other than administrator action. All changes to MAC policy should be audited.
V-217962
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217963
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217964
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217965
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217966
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217967
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217968
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217969
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217970
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217971
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217972
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217973
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217974
low
The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
V-217975
low
Unsuccessful attempts to access files could be an indicator of malicious activity on a system. Auditing these events could serve as evidence of potential system compromise.
V-217976
low
Privileged programs are subject to escalation-of-privilege attacks, which attempt to subvert their normal role of providing some necessary but limited capability. As such, motivation exists to monitor these programs for unusual activity.
V-217977
low
The unauthorized exportation of data to external media could result in an information leak where classified information, Privacy Act information, and intellectual property could be lost. An audit trail should be created each time a filesystem is mounted to help identify and guard against information loss.
V-217978
low
Auditing file deletions will create an audit trail for files that are removed from the system. The audit trail could aid in system troubleshooting, as well as detecting malicious processes that attempt to delete log files to conceal their presence.
V-217979
low
The actions taken by system administrators should be audited to keep a record of what was executed on the system, as well as, for accountability purposes.
V-217980
medium
The addition/removal of kernel modules can be used to alter the behavior of the kernel and potentially introduce malicious code into kernel space. It is important to have an audit trail of modules that have been introduced into the kernel.
V-217981
medium
The xinetd service provides a dedicated listener service for some programs, which is no longer necessary for commonly-used network services. Disabling it ensures that these uncommon services are not running, and also prevents attacks against xinetd itself.
V-217982
low
Removing the "xinetd" package decreases the risk of the xinetd service's accidental (or intentional) activation.
V-217983
high
Removing the "telnet-server" package decreases the risk of the unencrypted telnet service's accidental (or intentional) activation.
Mitigation: If the telnet-server package is configured to only allow encrypted sessions, such as with Kerberos or the use of encrypted network tunnels, the risk of exposing sensitive information is mitigated.
Mitigation: If the telnet-server package is configured to only allow encrypted sessions, such as with Kerberos or the use of encrypted network tunnels, the risk of exposing sensitive information is mitigated.
V-217984
high
The telnet protocol uses unencrypted network communication, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network. The telnet protocol is also subject to man-in-the-middle attacks.
Mitigation: If an enabled telnet daemon is configured to only allow encrypted sessions, such as with Kerberos or the use of encrypted network tunnels, the risk of exposing sensitive information is mitigated.
Mitigation: If an enabled telnet daemon is configured to only allow encrypted sessions, such as with Kerberos or the use of encrypted network tunnels, the risk of exposing sensitive information is mitigated.
V-217985
high
The "rsh-server" package provides several obsolete and insecure network services. Removing it decreases the risk of those services' accidental (or intentional) activation.
V-217986
high
The rsh service uses unencrypted network communications, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network.
V-217987
high
The rexec service uses unencrypted network communications, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network.
V-217988
high
The rlogin service uses unencrypted network communications, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network.
V-217989
medium
Removing the "ypserv" package decreases the risk of the accidental (or intentional) activation of NIS or NIS+ services.
V-217990
medium
Disabling the "ypbind" service ensures the system is not acting as a client in a NIS or NIS+ domain.
V-217991
medium
Removing the "tftp-server" package decreases the risk of the accidental (or intentional) activation of tftp services.
V-217992
medium
Disabling the "tftp" service ensures the system is not acting as a tftp server, which does not provide encryption or authentication.
V-217993
medium
Due to its usage for maintenance and security-supporting tasks, enabling the cron daemon is essential.
V-217994
high
SSH protocol version 1 suffers from design flaws that result in security vulnerabilities and should not be used.
V-217995
medium
DoD information systems are required to use FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hash functions. The only SSHv2 hash algorithm meeting this requirement is SHA.
By specifying a hash algorithm list with the order of hashes being in a "strongest to weakest" orientation, the system will automatically attempt to use the strongest hash for securing SSH connections.
By specifying a hash algorithm list with the order of hashes being in a "strongest to weakest" orientation, the system will automatically attempt to use the strongest hash for securing SSH connections.
V-217996
low
Causing idle users to be automatically logged out guards against compromises one system leading trivially to compromises on another.
V-217997
low
This ensures a user login will be terminated as soon as the "ClientAliveCountMax" is reached.
V-217998
medium
SSH trust relationships mean a compromise on one host can allow an attacker to move trivially to other hosts.
V-217999
medium
SSH trust relationships mean a compromise on one host can allow an attacker to move trivially to other hosts.
V-218000
medium
Permitting direct root login reduces auditable information about who ran privileged commands on the system and also allows direct attack attempts on root's password.
V-218001
high
Configuring this setting for the SSH daemon provides additional assurance that remote login via SSH will require a password, even in the event of misconfiguration elsewhere.
V-218002
medium
The warning message reinforces policy awareness during the logon process and facilitates possible legal action against attackers. Alternatively, systems whose ownership should not be obvious should ensure usage of a banner that does not provide easy attribution.
V-218003
low
SSH environment options potentially allow users to bypass access restriction in some configurations.
V-218004
medium
Approved algorithms should impart some level of confidence in their implementation. These are also required for compliance.
By specifying a cipher list with the order of ciphers being in a "strongest to weakest" orientation, the system will automatically attempt to use the strongest cipher for securing SSH connections.
By specifying a cipher list with the order of ciphers being in a "strongest to weakest" orientation, the system will automatically attempt to use the strongest cipher for securing SSH connections.
V-218006
low
Because the Avahi daemon service keeps an open network port, it is subject to network attacks. Its functionality is convenient but is only appropriate if the local network can be trusted.
V-218007
medium
Enabling the "ntpd" service ensures that the "ntpd" service will be running and that the system will synchronize its time to any servers specified. This is important whether the system is configured to be a client (and synchronize only its own clock) or it is also acting as an NTP server to other systems. Synchronizing time is essential for authentication services such as Kerberos, but it is also important for maintaining accurate logs and auditing possible security breaches.
V-218008
medium
Synchronizing with an NTP server makes it possible to collate system logs from multiple sources or correlate computer events with real time events. Using a trusted NTP server provided by your organization is recommended.
V-218009
medium
This ensures "postfix" accepts mail messages (such as cron job reports) from the local system only, and not from the network, which protects it from network attack.
V-218010
low
Unnecessary packages should not be installed to decrease the attack surface of the system.
V-218011
medium
Setting the idle delay controls when the screensaver will start, and can be combined with screen locking to prevent access from passersby.
V-218012
medium
Enabling idle activation of the screen saver ensures the screensaver will be activated after the idle delay. Applications requiring continuous, real-time screen display (such as network management products) require the login session does not have administrator rights and the display station is located in a controlled-access area.
V-218013
medium
Enabling the activation of the screen lock after an idle period ensures password entry will be required in order to access the system, preventing access by passersby.
V-218014
low
Setting the screensaver mode to blank-only conceals the contents of the display from passersby.
V-218015
low
Mishandling crash data could expose sensitive information about vulnerabilities in software executing on the local machine, as well as sensitive information from within a process's address space or registers.
V-218016
low
The "atd" service could be used by an unsophisticated insider to carry out activities outside of a normal login session, which could complicate accountability. Furthermore, the need to schedule tasks with "at" or "batch" is not common.
V-218017
low
The "ntpdate" service may only be suitable for systems which are rebooted frequently enough that clock drift does not cause problems between reboots. In any event, the functionality of the ntpdate service is now available in the ntpd program and should be considered deprecated.
V-218018
low
The "oddjobd" service may provide necessary functionality in some environments but it can be disabled if it is not needed. Execution of tasks by privileged programs, on behalf of unprivileged ones, has traditionally been a source of privilege escalation security issues.
V-218019
low
The qpidd service is automatically installed when the "base" package selection is selected during installation. The qpidd service listens for network connections which increases the attack surface of the system. If the system is not intended to receive AMQP traffic then the "qpidd" service is not needed and should be disabled or removed.
V-218020
low
General-purpose systems typically have their network and routing information configured statically by a system administrator. Workstations or some special-purpose systems often use DHCP (instead of IRDP) to retrieve dynamic network configuration information.
V-218021
medium
Legitimate device files should only exist in the /dev directory. NFS mounts should not present device files to users.
V-218022
medium
NFS mounts should not present suid binaries to users. Only vendor-supplied suid executables should be installed to their default location on the local filesystem.
V-218023
low
Allowing users to execute binaries from removable media such as USB keys exposes the system to potential compromise.
V-218024
low
Packet signing can prevent man-in-the-middle attacks which modify SMB packets in transit.
V-218025
low
Packet signing can prevent man-in-the-middle attacks which modify SMB packets in transit.
V-218026
medium
Preventing reuse of previous passwords helps ensure that a compromised password is not reused by a user.
V-218027
low
The risk of a system's physical compromise, particularly mobile systems such as laptops, places its data at risk of compromise. Encrypting this data mitigates the risk of its loss if the system is lost.
V-218028
low
The risk of a system's physical compromise, particularly mobile systems such as laptops, places its data at risk of compromise. Encrypting this data mitigates the risk of its loss if the system is lost.
V-218029
low
The risk of a system's physical compromise, particularly mobile systems such as laptops, places its data at risk of compromise. Encrypting this data mitigates the risk of its loss if the system is lost.
V-218030
medium
Permissions on audit binaries and configuration files that are too generous could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The permissions set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.
V-218031
medium
Ownership of audit binaries and configuration files that is incorrect could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The ownership set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.
V-218032
medium
Group-ownership of audit binaries and configuration files that is incorrect could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The group-ownership set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.
V-218033
medium
The hash on important files like audit system executables should match the information given by the RPM database. Audit executables with erroneous hashes could be a sign of nefarious activity on the system.
V-218034
medium
Data in world-writable files can be modified by any user on the system. In almost all circumstances, files can be configured using a combination of user and group permissions to support whatever legitimate access is needed without the risk caused by world-writable files.
V-218035
medium
Adding host-based intrusion detection tools can provide the capability to automatically take actions in response to malicious behavior, which can provide additional agility in reacting to network threats. These tools also often include a reporting capability to provide network awareness of system, which may not otherwise exist in an organization's systems management regime.
V-218036
high
A locally logged-in user who presses Ctrl-Alt-Delete, when at the console, can reboot the system. If accidentally pressed, as could happen in the case of mixed OS environment, this can create the risk of short-term loss of availability of systems due to unintentional reboot. In the GNOME graphical environment, risk of unintentional reboot from the Ctrl-Alt-Delete sequence is reduced because the user will be prompted before any action is taken.
V-218037
low
Local mail delivery is essential to some system maintenance and notification tasks.
V-218038
medium
The sendmail software was not developed with security in mind and its design prevents it from being effectively contained by SELinux. Postfix should be used instead.
V-218039
low
The "netconsole" service is not necessary unless there is a need to debug kernel panics, which is not common.
V-218040
medium
Unnecessary services should be disabled to decrease the attack surface of the system.
V-218041
low
Unnecessary packages should not be installed to decrease the attack surface of the system.
V-218042
medium
DHCP relies on trusting the local network. If the local network is not trusted, then it should not be used. However, the automatic configuration provided by DHCP is commonly used and the alternative, manual configuration, presents an unacceptable burden in many circumstances.
V-218043
low
Inconsistency in GIDs between /etc/passwd and /etc/group could lead to a user having unintended rights.
V-218044
low
Unique usernames allow for accountability on the system.
V-218045
low
When temporary accounts are created, there is a risk they may remain in place and active after the need for them no longer exists. Account expiration greatly reduces the risk of accounts being misused or hijacked.
V-218046
low
When emergency accounts are created, there is a risk they may remain in place and active after the need for them no longer exists. Account expiration greatly reduces the risk of accounts being misused or hijacked.
V-218047
low
Passwords with excessive repeating characters may be more vulnerable to password-guessing attacks.
V-218048
medium
By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE may reveal unexpected changes in installed files.
V-218049
medium
By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE may reveal unexpected changes in installed files.
V-218050
medium
By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE may reveal unexpected changes in installed files.
V-218051
medium
By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE may reveal unexpected changes in installed files.
V-218052
medium
By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE may reveal unexpected changes in installed files.
V-218053
medium
By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE may reveal unexpected changes in installed files.
V-218054
low
A core dump includes a memory image taken at the time the operating system terminates an application. The memory image could contain sensitive data and is generally useful only for developers trying to debug problems.
V-218055
high
Allowing insecure file locking could allow for sensitive data to be viewed or edited by an unauthorized user.
V-218056
medium
Notifying administrators of an impending disk space problem may allow them to take corrective action prior to any disruption.
V-218057
medium
Email sent to the root account is typically aliased to the administrators of the system, who can take appropriate action.
V-218058
medium
If Bluetooth functionality must be disabled, preventing the kernel from loading the kernel module provides an additional safeguard against its activation.
V-218059
low
Limiting simultaneous user logins can insulate the system from denial of service problems caused by excessive logins. Automated login processes operating improperly or maliciously may result in an exceptional number of simultaneous login sessions.
V-218060
medium
In "iptables" the default policy is applied only after all the applicable rules in the table are examined for a match. Setting the default policy to "DROP" implements proper design for a firewall, i.e., any packets which are not explicitly permitted should not be accepted.
V-218061
low
Providing the ability for remote users or systems to initiate a secure VPN connection protects information when it is transmitted over a wide area network.
V-218062
medium
An appropriate warning message reinforces policy awareness during the logon process and facilitates possible legal action against attackers.
V-218063
medium
An appropriate warning message reinforces policy awareness during the logon process and facilitates possible legal action against attackers.
V-218064
medium
Disabling the "bluetooth" service prevents the system from attempting connections to Bluetooth devices, which entails some security risk. Nevertheless, variation in this risk decision may be expected due to the utility of Bluetooth connectivity and its limited range.
V-218065
low
Disabling inactive accounts ensures that accounts which may not have been responsibly removed are not available to attackers who may have compromised their credentials.
V-218066
low
Disabling inactive accounts ensures that accounts which may not have been responsibly removed are not available to attackers who may have compromised their credentials.
V-218067
low
Failing to set the sticky bit on public directories allows unauthorized users to delete files in the directory structure.
The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system, or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system, and by users for temporary file storage - such as /tmp - and for directories requiring global read/write access.
The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system, or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system, and by users for temporary file storage - such as /tmp - and for directories requiring global read/write access.
V-218068
low
Allowing a user account to own a world-writable directory is undesirable because it allows the owner of that directory to remove or replace any files that may be placed in the directory by other users.
V-218069
high
Using the "-s" option causes the TFTP service to only serve files from the given directory. Serving files from an intentionally specified directory reduces the risk of sharing files which should remain private.
V-218070
low
To trace malicious activity facilitated by the FTP service, it must be configured to ensure that all commands sent to the ftp server are logged using the verbose vsftpd log format. The default vsftpd log file is /var/log/vsftpd.log.
V-218071
medium
Earlier versions of SNMP are considered insecure, as they potentially allow unauthorized access to detailed system management information.
V-218072
high
Presence of the default SNMP password enables querying of different system aspects and could result in unauthorized knowledge of the system.
V-218073
low
The umask value influences the permissions assigned to files when they are created. A misconfigured umask value could result in files with excessive permissions that can be read and/or written to by unauthorized users.
V-218074
low
The umask value influences the permissions assigned to files when they are created. A misconfigured umask value could result in files with excessive permissions that can be read and/or written to by unauthorized users.
V-218075
low
The umask value influences the permissions assigned to files when they are created. A misconfigured umask value could result in files with excessive permissions that can be read and/or written to by unauthorized users.
V-218076
low
The umask value influences the permissions assigned to files when they are created. A misconfigured umask value could result in files with excessive permissions that can be read and/or written to by unauthorized users.
V-218077
low
The umask influences the permissions assigned to files created by a process at run time. An unnecessarily permissive umask could result in files being created with insecure permissions.
V-218078
medium
Unencrypted passwords for remote FTP servers may be stored in ".netrc" files. DoD policy requires passwords be encrypted in storage and not used in access scripts.
V-218079
medium
This setting will cause the system greeting banner to be used for FTP connections as well.
V-218080
medium
Smart card login provides two-factor authentication stronger than that provided by a username/password combination. Smart cards leverage a PKI (public key infrastructure) in order to provide and verify credentials.
V-218081
medium
Locking out user accounts after a number of incorrect attempts prevents direct password guessing attacks. Ensuring that an administrator is involved in unlocking locked accounts draws appropriate attention to such situations.
V-218082
medium
Locking out user accounts after a number of incorrect attempts within a specific period of time prevents direct password guessing attacks.
V-218083
medium
Users need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their account. Providing users with information regarding the number of unsuccessful attempts that were made to login to their account allows the user to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred and gives them an opportunity to notify administrators.
V-218084
medium
If users can write to audit logs, audit trails can be modified or destroyed.
V-218085
medium
If non-privileged users can write to audit logs, audit trails can be modified or destroyed.
V-218086
medium
If users can delete audit logs, audit trails can be modified or destroyed.
V-218087
medium
USB storage devices such as thumb drives can be used to introduce unauthorized software and other vulnerabilities. Support for these devices should be disabled and the devices themselves should be tightly controlled.
V-218088
medium
Operating system backup is a critical step in maintaining data assurance and availability. User-level information is data generated by information system and/or application users. Backups shall be consistent with organizational recovery time and recovery point objectives.
V-218089
medium
Operating system backup is a critical step in maintaining data assurance and availability. System-level information includes system-state information, operating system and application software, and licenses. Backups must be consistent with organizational recovery time and recovery point objectives.
V-218090
medium
Users need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their account. Providing users with information regarding the date and time of their last successful login allows the user to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred and gives them an opportunity to notify administrators.
At ssh login, a user must be presented with the last successful login date and time.
At ssh login, a user must be presented with the last successful login date and time.
V-218091
low
The ability to lock graphical desktop sessions manually allows users to easily secure their accounts should they need to depart from their workstations temporarily.
V-218092
low
The auditd service does not include the ability to send audit records to a centralized server for management directly. It does, however, include an audit event multiplexor plugin (audispd) to pass audit records to the local syslog server.
V-218093
medium
Taking appropriate action in case of a filled audit storage volume will minimize the possibility of losing audit records.
V-218094
medium
Taking appropriate action in case of disk errors will minimize the possibility of losing audit records.
V-218095
low
The "all_squash" option maps all client requests to a single anonymous uid/gid on the NFS server, negating the ability to track file access by user ID.
V-218096
low
Ownership of system binaries and configuration files that is incorrect could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The ownership set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.
V-218097
low
Group-ownership of system binaries and configuration files that is incorrect could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The group-ownership set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.
V-218098
low
Permissions on system binaries and configuration files that are too generous could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The permissions set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.
V-218099
low
The hash on important files like system executables should match the information given by the RPM database. Executables with erroneous hashes could be a sign of nefarious activity on the system.
V-218100
medium
A number of system services utilize email messages sent to the root user to notify system administrators of active or impending issues. These messages must be forwarded to at least one monitored email address.
V-218101
medium
If non-privileged users can write to audit logs, audit trails can be modified or destroyed.
V-218102
medium
In "ip6tables" the default policy is applied only after all the applicable rules in the table are examined for a match. Setting the default policy to "DROP" implements proper design for a firewall, i.e., any packets which are not explicitly permitted should not be accepted.
V-218103
low
Each process on the system carries an "auditable" flag which indicates whether its activities can be audited. Although "auditd" takes care of enabling this for all processes which launch after it does, adding the kernel argument ensures it is set for every process during boot.
V-218104
low
All filesystems that are required for the successful operation of the system should be explicitly listed in "/etc/fstab" by an administrator. New filesystems should not be arbitrarily introduced via the automounter.
The "autofs" daemon mounts and unmounts filesystems, such as user home directories shared via NFS, on demand. In addition, autofs can be used to handle removable media, and the default configuration provides the cdrom device as "/misc/cd". However, this method of providing access to removable media is not common, so autofs can almost always be disabled if NFS is not in use. Even if NFS is required, it is almost always possible to configure filesystem mounts statically by editing "/etc/fstab" rather than relying on the automounter.
The "autofs" daemon mounts and unmounts filesystems, such as user home directories shared via NFS, on demand. In addition, autofs can be used to handle removable media, and the default configuration provides the cdrom device as "/misc/cd". However, this method of providing access to removable media is not common, so autofs can almost always be disabled if NFS is not in use. Even if NFS is required, it is almost always possible to configure filesystem mounts statically by editing "/etc/fstab" rather than relying on the automounter.
V-218105
medium
Leaving the user list enabled is a security risk since it allows anyone with physical access to the system to quickly enumerate known user accounts without logging in.
V-218106
medium
Allowing users to execute binaries from world-writable directories such as "/tmp" should never be necessary in normal operation and can expose the system to potential compromise.
V-218107
medium
The "sudo" command allows authorized users to run programs (including shells) as other users, system users, and root. The "/etc/sudoers" file is used to configure authorized "sudo" users as well as the programs they are allowed to run. Some configuration options in the "/etc/sudoers" file allow configured users to run programs without re-authenticating. Use of these configuration options makes it easier for one compromised account to be used to compromise other accounts.
V-218108
low
The "nodev" mount option causes the system to not interpret character or block special devices. Executing character or block special devices from untrusted file systems increases the opportunity for unprivileged users to attain unauthorized administrative access.
V-218109
low
The "nosuid" mount option causes the system to not execute "setuid" and "setgid" files with owner privileges. This option must be used for mounting any file system not containing approved "setuid" and "setguid" files. Executing files from untrusted file systems increases the opportunity for unprivileged users to attain unauthorized administrative access.
V-218110
low
The "noexec" mount option causes the system to not execute binary files. This option must be used for mounting any file system not containing approved binary files as they may be incompatible. Executing files from untrusted file systems increases the opportunity for unprivileged users to attain unauthorized administrative access.
V-218111
medium
Virus scanning software can be used to protect a system from penetration from computer viruses and to limit their spread through intermediate systems.
V-218112
high
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of using encryption to protect data. The operating system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government to ensure the algorithms have been tested and validated.
V-224669
high
An operating system release is considered "supported" if the vendor continues to provide security patches for the product. With an unsupported release, it will not be possible to resolve security issues discovered in the system software.
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Extended Life Cycle Support Add-On (ELS) is an offering, for a fee, that provides extended support once a product is retired and has entered the Extended Life Phase. ELS allows customers to continue to receive critical impact security fixes and selected urgent priority bug fixes on a specific major version of RHEL from the end of its regular life cycle for an extended and defined period. ELS is only applicable to the last minor release of the given major release.
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Extended Life Cycle Support Add-On (ELS) is an offering, for a fee, that provides extended support once a product is retired and has entered the Extended Life Phase. ELS allows customers to continue to receive critical impact security fixes and selected urgent priority bug fixes on a specific major version of RHEL from the end of its regular life cycle for an extended and defined period. ELS is only applicable to the last minor release of the given major release.
V-224674
medium
The use of wireless networking can introduce many different attack vectors into the organization’s network. Common attack vectors such as malicious association and ad hoc networks will allow an attacker to spoof a wireless access point (AP), allowing validated systems to connect to the malicious AP and enabling the attacker to monitor and record network traffic. These malicious APs can also serve to create a man-in-the-middle attack or be used to create a denial of service to valid network resources.
Satisfies: SRG-OS-000299, SRG-OS-000423, SRG-OS-000481
Satisfies: SRG-OS-000299, SRG-OS-000423, SRG-OS-000481