Cron must not execute group-writable or world-writable programs. (V-226615) — Solaris 10 SPARC Security Technical Implementation Guide

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507procedures

Version

CurrentPublished Thu Jan 26 2023

Objective ID

Severity

Discussion

V-220017

medium

If ASET is used and the master files (tune.high, tune.med, tune.low, and uid_aliases) are not located in the proper place, ASET cannot operate correctly and valuable security findings could be lost.

V-220018

medium

If YPCHECK is not set to true in asetenv, then ypfiles may not be checked.

V-220019

medium

If the system does not require valid root authentication before it boots into single-user or maintenance mode, anyone who invokes single-user or maintenance mode is granted privileged access to all files on the system.

V-220020

medium

Shared accounts (accounts where two or more people log in with the same user identification) do not provide identification and authentication. There is no way to provide for non-repudiation or individual accountability.

V-220021

medium

Disabling accounts after a limited number of unsuccessful login attempts improves protection against password guessing attacks.

V-220022

medium

Enforcing a delay between successive failed login attempts increases protection against automated password guessing attacks.

V-220023

medium

If graphical desktop sessions do not lock the session after 15 minutes of inactivity, requiring re-authentication to resume operations, the system or individual data could be compromised by an alert intruder who could exploit the oversight. This requirement applies to graphical desktop environments provided by the system to locally attached displays and input devices as well as to graphical desktop environments provided to remote systems, including thin clients.

V-220024

medium

On some systems, accounts with disabled passwords still allow access using rcp, remsh, or rlogin through equivalent remote hosts. All that is required is the remote host name and the user name match an entry in a hosts.equiv file and have a .rhosts file in the user directory. Using a shell called /bin/false or /dev/null (or an equivalent) will add a layered defense.

Non-interactive accounts on the system, such as application accounts, may be documented exceptions.

V-220025

medium

If an account has an UID of 0, it has root authority. Multiple accounts with an UID of 0 afford more opportunity for potential intruders to guess a password for a privileged account.

V-220026

medium

If the root search path contains a world-writable directory, malicious software could be placed in the path by intruders and/or malicious users and inadvertently run by root with all of root's privileges.

V-220028

medium

Unauthorized access could destroy the integrity of the library files.

V-220029

medium

If users do not own their home directories, unauthorized users could access user files.

V-220030

medium

If the GID of the home directory is not the same as the GID of the user, this would allow unauthorized access to files.

V-220031

medium

Global initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon.

V-220032

medium

Global initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon. Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to root or bin provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-220033

medium

V-220034

low

If the mesg -n or mesg n command is not placed into the system profile, messaging can be used to cause a Denial of Service attack.

V-220035

medium

Local initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon.

V-220036

medium

The "nosuid" mount option causes the system to not execute setuid files with owner privileges. This option must be used for mounting any file system that does not contain approved setuid files. Executing setuid files from untrusted file systems, or file systems that do not contain approved setuid files, increases the opportunity for unprivileged users to attain unauthorized administrative access.

V-220037

medium

Some systems have the ability to bridge or switch frames (link-layer forwarding) between multiple interfaces. This can be useful in a variety of situations but, if enabled when not needed, has the potential to bypass network partitioning and security.

V-220038

medium

The portmap and rpcbind services increase the attack surface of the system and should only be used when needed. The portmap or rpcbind services are used by a variety of services using remote procedure calls (RPCs).

V-220039

high

The rshd process provides a typically unencrypted, host-authenticated remote access service. SSH should be used in place of this service.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033, SRG-OS-000505, SRG-OS-000555

V-220040

medium

The rlogind process provides a typically unencrypted, host-authenticated remote access service. SSH should be used in place of this service.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033, SRG-OS-000505, SRG-OS-000555

V-220041

medium

Network analysis tools allow for the capture of network traffic visible to the system.

V-220043

medium

Failure to give group ownership of the hosts.lpd (or equivalent) file to root, bin, sys, or system provides the members of the owning group and possible unauthorized users, with the potential to modify it. Unauthorized modifications could disrupt access to local printers from authorized remote hosts or permit unauthorized remote access to local printers.

V-220045

medium

If the alias file is not group-owned by root or a system group, an unauthorized user may modify the file to add aliases to run malicious code or redirect email.

V-220046

medium

The HELP command should be disabled to mask version information. The version of the SMTP service software could be used by attackers to target vulnerabilities present in specific software versions.

V-220047

low

The version of the SMTP service can be used by attackers to plan an attack based on vulnerabilities present in the specific version.

V-220048

medium

The .forward file allows users to automatically forward mail to another system. Use of .forward files could allow the unauthorized forwarding of mail and could potentially create mail loops which could degrade system performance.

V-220049

high

The SMTP service version on the system must be current to avoid exposing vulnerabilities present in unpatched versions.

V-220050

high

Debug mode is a feature present in older versions of Sendmail which, if not disabled, may allow an attacker to gain access to a system through the Sendmail service.

V-220051

high

A common configuration for older Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs) includes an alias for the decode user. All mail sent to this user is sent to the uudecode program, which automatically converts and stores files. By sending mail to decode or uudecode aliases present on some systems, a remote attacker may be able to create or overwrite files on the remote host. This could possibly be used to gain remote access.

V-220052

medium

If TFTP has a valid shell, it increases the likelihood of someone logging to the TFTP account and compromising the system.

V-220053

medium

Syslog messages are typically unencrypted and may contain sensitive information and are, therefore, restricted to the enclave.

V-220054

medium

Unintentionally running a syslog server accepting remote messages puts the system at increased risk. Malicious syslog messages sent to the server could exploit vulnerabilities in the server software itself, could introduce misleading information in to the system's logs, or could fill the system's storage leading to a Denial of Service.

V-220055

high

SSHv1 is not a DoD-approved protocol and has many well-known vulnerability exploits. Exploits of the SSH daemon could provide immediate root access to the system.

V-220056

medium

If the system is configured for IP forwarding and is not a designated router, it could be used to bypass network security by providing a path for communication not filtered by network devices.

V-220057

medium

If the system is configured for IP forwarding and is not a designated router, it could be used to bypass network security by providing a path for communication not filtered by network devices.

V-220058

medium

The NFS access option limits user access to the specified level. This assists in protecting exported file systems. If access is not restricted, unauthorized hosts may be able to access the system's NFS exports.

V-220059

medium

Public Instant Messaging (IM) systems are not approved for use and may result in the unauthorized distribution of information. IM clients provide a way for a user to send a message to one or more other users in real time. Additional capabilities may include file transfer and support for distributed game playing. Communication between clients and associated directory services are managed through messaging servers. Commercial IM clients include AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), MSN Messenger, and Yahoo! Messenger.

IM clients present a security issue when the clients route messages through public servers. The obvious implication is potentially sensitive information could be intercepted or altered in the course of transmission. This same issue is associated with the use of public email servers. In order to reduce the potential for disclosure of sensitive Government information and to ensure the validity of official government information, IM clients connecting to public IM services will not be installed. Clients used to access internal or DoD-controlled IM services are permitted.

V-220060

medium

SWAT is a tool used to configure Samba. As it modifies Samba configuration, which can impact system security, it must be protected from unauthorized access. SWAT authentication may involve the root password, which must be protected by encryption when traversing the network.

Restricting access to the local host allows for the use of SSH TCP forwarding, if configured, or administration by a web browser on the local system.

V-220061

medium

Without a host-based intrusion detection tool, there is no system-level defense when an intruder gains access to a system or network. Additionally, a host-based intrusion detection tool can provide methods to immediately lock out detected intrusion attempts.

V-220062

medium

Timely notifications of potential security compromises minimize the potential damage.

Minimally, the system must log these events and the SA and the IAO will receive the notifications during the daily system log review. If feasible, active alerting (such as email or paging) should be employed consistent with the site's established operations management systems and procedures.

V-220063

medium

Verification using the system package management tool can be used to determine that system software has not been tampered with.

This requirement is not applicable to systems not using package management tools.

V-220064

medium

Access control programs (such as TCP_WRAPPERS) provide the ability to enhance system security posture.

V-220065

medium

If the system's access control program is not configured with appropriate rules for allowing and denying access to system network resources, services may be accessible to unauthorized hosts.

V-220066

medium

The use of wireless networking can introduce many different attack vectors into the organization's network. Common attack vectors such as malicious association and ad hoc networks will allow an attacker to spoof a wireless access point (AP), allowing validated systems to connect to the malicious AP and enabling the attacker to monitor and record network traffic. These malicious APs can also serve to create a man-in-the-middle attack or be used to create a denial of service to valid network resources.

V-220067

medium

Reverse-path filtering provides protection against spoofed source addresses by causing the system to discard packets with source addresses for which the system has no route or if the route does not point towards the interface on which the packet arrived. Depending on the role of the system, reverse-path filtering may cause legitimate traffic to be discarded and, therefore, should be used with a more permissive mode or filter, or not at all. Whenever possible, reverse-path filtering should be used.

V-220068

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-220069

high

Malicious users with removable boot media can gain access to a system configured to use removable media as the boot loader.

V-226405

medium

The rmmount.conf file controls the mounting of removable media on a Solaris system. Removable media is not to be trusted with privileged access, and therefore the filesystems must be mounted with the nosuid option, which prevents any executables with the setuid bit set on this filesystem from running with owner privileges.

V-226406

medium

The audit_user file may be used to selectively audit more, or fewer, auditing features for specific individuals. If used this way it could subject the activity to a lawsuit and could cause the loss of valuable auditing data in the case of a system compromise. If an item is audited for one individual (other than for root and administrative users - who have more auditing features) it must be audited for all.

V-226407

medium

The /etc/security/audit_user is a sensitive file and must be owned by root to prevent possible system compromise.

V-226408

medium

The Solaris audit_user file allows for selective auditing or non-auditing of features for certain users. If it is not protected, it could be compromised and used to mask audit events. This could cause the loss of valuable forensics data in the case of a system compromise.

V-226409

medium

Audit_user is a sensitive file that, if compromised, would allow a malicious user to select auditing parameters to ignore his sessions. This would allow malicious operations the auditing subsystem would not log for that user.

V-226410

medium

Audit_user is a sensitive file that, if compromised, would allow a malicious user to select auditing parameters to ignore their sessions. This would allow malicious operations the auditing subsystem would not detect for that user. It could also result in long-term system compromise possibly leading to the compromise of other systems and networks.

V-226411

medium

If uid_aliases has entries, users may not be properly identified in ASET records.

V-226412

medium

ASET will not perform firewall tasks if it is not listed as a parameter in /usr/aset/asetenv.

V-226413

medium

If settings in the asetenv file have been modified, then system vulnerabilities may not be detected.

V-226414

medium

If the userlist file does not exist, then an unauthorized user may exist in the /etc/passwd file.

V-226415

medium

If the userlist file is not owned by root, then an unauthorized user can modify the file and enter an unauthorized user.

V-226416

medium

The /usr/aset/userlist file is critical to system security and must be protected from unauthorized access.

V-226417

medium

A permission mask not set to the required level could allow unauthorized access to sensitive system files and resources.

V-226418

medium

File system ACLs can provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files.

V-226419

medium

If the EEPROM security-mode parameter is not set to full or command, then unauthorized access to system EEPROM can take place. In normal situations, when the system is in a controlled access area and it is desirable to have it automatically reboot upon loss of and restoring of power, for instance, then command mode with the autoboot parameter set to true is recommended.

V-226420

medium

Filesystem logging, especially for NFS exported file systems, can be critical to detecting data misuse and possible hardware/system errors that may, otherwise, go unnoticed.

V-226421

medium

Solaris extended attributes are essentially files themselves that are of an arbitrary size and content. They could be used to hide files from ordinary system file scans.

V-226422

high

Accounts with a GID of 0 have root group privileges.

V-226423

medium

Solaris zones configuration files must be protected against illicit creation, modification, and deletion.

V-226424

medium

Solaris zones configuration files must be protected against illicit creation, modification, and deletion.

V-226425

medium

Solaris zones configuration files must be protected against illicit creation, modification, and deletion.

V-226426

medium

Solaris zones configuration files must be protected against illicit creation, modification, and deletion.

V-226427

medium

Solaris zones have the capability to inherit elements of the global zone's filesystem, which reduces the amount storage required for a zone, but also limits the flexibility of the zone. The inherit-pkg-dir option defines which paths are shared between the zones. If set incorrectly, private information from the global zone could be made available to the non-global zone. This option must be set to none (for a whole-root non-global zone), the vendor-specified list of paths for sparse-root non-global zones, or a list specified by the SA for operational reasons which has been justified and documented with the IAO.

V-226428

medium

Solaris zones can be assigned privileges generally reserved for the global zone using the limitpriv zone option. Any privilege assignments in excess of the vendor defaults may provide the ability for a non-global zone to compromise the global zone.

V-226429

medium

Solaris non-global zones can be assigned physical hardware devices. This increases the risk of such a non-global zone having the capability to compromise the global zone.

V-226430

high

An operating system release is considered supported if the vendor continues to provide security patches for the product. With an unsupported release, it will not be possible to resolve security issues discovered in the system software.

V-226431

medium

Timely patching is critical for maintaining the operational availability, confidentiality, and integrity of Information Technology (IT) systems. However, failure to keep operating system and application software patched is a common mistake made by IT professionals. New patches are released daily, and it is often difficult for even experienced system administrators to keep abreast of all the new patches. When new weaknesses in an operating system exist, patches are usually made available by the vendor to resolve the problems. If the most recent security patches and updates are not installed, unauthorized users may take advantage of weaknesses present in the unpatched software. The lack of prompt attention to patching could result in a system compromise.

V-226432

medium

A file integrity baseline is a collection of file metadata which is to evaluate the integrity of the system. A minimal baseline must contain metadata for all device files, setuid files, setgid files, system libraries, system binaries, and system configuration files. The minimal metadata must consist of the mode, owner, group owner, and modification times. For regular files, metadata must also include file size and a cryptographic hash of the file's contents.

V-226433

medium

Changes in system libraries and binaries can indicate compromise or significant system events, such as patching needing to be checked by automated processes and the results reviewed by the SA.

NOTE: The frequency may be increased to daily, if necessary, in accordance with the contingency plan.

V-226434

medium

To assure the accuracy of the system clock, it must be synchronized with an authoritative time source within DoD. Many system functions, including time-based login and activity restrictions, automated reports, system logs, and audit records depend on an accurate system clock. If there is no confidence in the correctness of the system clock, time-based functions may not operate as intended and records may be of diminished value.

Authoritative time sources include authorized time servers within the enclave that synchronize with upstream authoritative sources. Specific requirements for the upstream synchronization of Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers are covered in the Network Other Devices STIG.

For systems located on isolated or closed networks, it is not necessary to synchronize with a global authoritative time source. If a global authoritative time source is not available to systems on an isolated network, a local authoritative time source must be established on this network and used by the systems connected to this network. This is necessary to provide the ability to correlate events and allow for the correct operation of time-dependent protocols between systems on the isolated network.

If the system is completely isolated (no connections to networks or other systems), time synchronization is not required as no correlation of events between systems will be necessary. If the system is completely isolated, this requirement is not applicable.

V-226435

medium

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. Internal system clocks tend to drift and require periodic resynchronization to ensure their accuracy. Software, such as NTPD, can be used to continuously synchronize the system clock with authoritative sources. Alternatively, the system may be synchronized periodically, with a maximum of one day between synchronizations.

If the system is completely isolated (no connections to networks or other systems), time synchronization is not required as no correlation of events or operation of time-dependent protocols between systems will be necessary. If the system is completely isolated, this requirement is not applicable.

V-226436

medium

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. For redundancy, two time sources are required so synchronization continues to function if one source fails.

If the system is completely isolated (no connections to networks or other systems), time synchronization is not required as no correlation of events or operation of time-dependent protocols between systems will be necessary. If the system is completely isolated, this requirement is not applicable.

NOTE: For the Network Time Protocol (NTP), the requirement is two servers, but it is recommended to configure at least four distinct time servers which allow NTP to effectively exclude a time source not consistent with the others. The system's local clock must be excluded from the count of time sources.

V-226437

low

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. The network architecture should provide multiple time servers within an enclave that provide local service to the enclave and synchronize with time sources outside of the enclave.

If this server is an enclave time server, this requirement is not applicable.

If the system is completely isolated (no connections to networks or other systems), time synchronization is not required as no correlation of events or operation of time-dependent protocols between systems will be necessary. If the system is completely isolated, this requirement is not applicable.

V-226438

medium

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. If an illicit time source is used for synchronization, the integrity of system logs and the security of the system could be compromised. If the configuration files controlling time synchronization are not owned by a system account, unauthorized modifications could result in the failure of time synchronization.

V-226439

medium

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. If an illicit time source is used for synchronization, the integrity of system logs and the security of the system could be compromised. If the configuration files controlling time synchronization are not owned by a system group, unauthorized modifications could result in the failure of time synchronization.

V-226440

medium

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. If an illicit time source is used for synchronization, the integrity of system logs and the security of the system could be compromised. If the configuration files controlling time synchronization are not protected, unauthorized modifications could result in the failure of time synchronization.

V-226441

medium

A synchronized system clock is critical for the enforcement of time-based policies and the correlation of logs and audit records with other systems. If an illicit time source is used for synchronization, the integrity of system logs and the security of the system could be compromised. If the configuration files controlling time synchronization are not protected, unauthorized modifications could result in the failure of time synchronization.

V-226442

medium

Accounts providing no operational purpose provide additional opportunities for system compromise. Unnecessary accounts include user accounts for individuals not requiring access to the system and application accounts for applications not installed on the system.

V-226443

medium

A unique user name is the first part of the identification and authentication process. If user names are not unique, there can be no accountability on the system for auditing purposes. Multiple accounts sharing the same name could result in the Denial of Service to one or both of the accounts or unauthorized access to files or privileges.

V-226444

medium

Accounts sharing a UID have full access to each others' files. This has the same effect as sharing a login. There is no way to assure identification, authentication, and accountability because the system sees them as the same user. If the duplicate UID is 0, this gives potential intruders another privileged account to attack.

V-226445

medium

Reserved UIDs are typically used by system software packages. If non-system accounts have UIDs in this range, they may conflict with system software, possibly leading to the user having permissions to modify system files.

V-226446

medium

Reserved GIDs are typically used by system software packages. If non-system groups have GIDs in this range, they may conflict with system software, possibly leading to the group having permissions to modify system files.

V-226447

low

If a user is assigned the GID of a group not existing on the system, and a group with the same GID is subsequently created, the user may have unintended rights to the group.

V-226448

medium

Failure to display the login banner prior to a logon attempt will negate legal proceedings resulting from unauthorized access to system resources.

V-226449

medium

Failure to display the login banner prior to a logon attempt will negate legal proceedings resulting from unauthorized access to system resources.

This requirement applies to graphical desktop environments provided by the system to locally attached displays and input devices as well as to graphical desktop environments provided to remote systems, including thin clients.

V-226450

medium

Failure to display the logon banner prior to a logon attempt will negate legal proceedings resulting from unauthorized access to system resources.

NOTE: SFTP and FTPS are encrypted alternatives to FTP that should be used in place of FTP. SFTP is implemented by the SSH service and uses its banner configuration.

V-226451

medium

Monitoring and recording successful and unsuccessful logins assist in tracking unauthorized access to the system. Without this logging, the ability to track unauthorized activity to specific user accounts may be diminished.

V-226452

low

Providing users with feedback on when account accesses last occurred facilitates user recognition and reporting of unauthorized account use.

V-226453

low

To protect the on-screen content of a session, it must be replaced with a publicly-viewable pattern upon session lock. Examples of publicly viewable patterns include screen saver patterns, photographic images, solid colors, or a blank screen, so long as none of those patterns convey sensitive information.

This requirement applies to graphical desktop environments provided by the system to locally attached displays and input devices, as well as, to graphical desktop environments provided to remote systems using remote access protocols.

V-226454

medium

If an application is providing a continuous display and is running with root privileges, unauthorized users could interrupt the process and gain root access to the system.

V-226455

medium

The ability to change passwords frequently facilitates users reusing the same password. This can result in users effectively never changing their passwords. This would be accomplished by users changing their passwords when required and then immediately changing it to the original value.

V-226456

high

If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log into the account without authentication. If the root user is configured without a password, the entire system may be compromised. For user accounts not using password authentication, the account must be configured with a password lock value instead of a blank or null value.

V-226457

medium

The use of longer passwords reduces the ability of attackers to successfully obtain valid passwords using guessing or exhaustive search techniques by increasing the password search space.

V-226458

medium

Some common password hashing schemes only process the first eight characters of a user's password, which reduces the effective strength of the password.

V-226459

medium

Systems must employ cryptographic hashes for passwords using the SHA-2 family of algorithms or FIPS 140-2 approved successors. The use of unapproved algorithms may result in weak password hashes more vulnerable to compromise.

V-226460

medium

V-226461

medium

To enforce the use of complex passwords, minimum numbers of characters of different classes are mandated. The use of complex passwords reduces the ability of attackers to successfully obtain valid passwords using guessing or exhaustive search techniques. Complexity requirements increase the password search space by requiring users to construct passwords from a larger character set than they may otherwise use.

V-226462

medium

V-226463

medium

V-226464

medium

To enforce the use of complex passwords, the number of consecutive repeating characters is limited. Passwords with excessive repeated characters may be more vulnerable to password-guessing attacks.

V-226465

medium

V-226466

medium

Limiting the lifespan of authenticators limits the period of time an unauthorized user has access to the system while using compromised credentials and reduces the period of time available for password-guessing attacks to run against a single password. Locking the password for non-interactive and automated processing accounts is preferred as it removes the possibility of accessing the account by a password. On some systems, locking the passwords of these accounts may prevent the account from functioning properly. Passwords for non-interactive/automated processing accounts must not be used for direct logon to the system.

V-226467

medium

To ensure password changes are effective in their goals, the system must ensure old and new passwords have significant differences. Without significant changes, new passwords may be easily guessed based on the value of a previously compromised password.

V-226468

medium

An easily guessable password provides an open door to any external or internal malicious intruder. Many computer compromises occur as the result of account name and password guessing. This is generally done by someone with an automated script using repeated logon attempts until the correct account and password pair is guessed. Utilities, such as cracklib, can be used to validate passwords are not dictionary words and meet other criteria during password changes.

V-226469

medium

If a user, or root, used the same password continuously or was allowed to change it back shortly after being forced to change it to something else, it would provide a potential intruder with the opportunity to keep guessing at one user's password until it was guessed correctly.

V-226470

low

Configuring a supplemental group for users permitted to switch to the root user prevents unauthorized users from accessing the root account, even with knowledge of the root credentials.

V-226471

low

Changing the root home directory to something other than / and assigning it a 0700 protection makes it more difficult for intruders to manipulate the system by reading the files that root places in its default directory. It also gives root the same discretionary access control for root's home directory as for the other plain user home directories.

V-226472

medium

Permissions greater than 0700 could allow unauthorized users access to the root home directory.

V-226473

medium

File system extended ACLs provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files.

V-226474

medium

The executable search path (typically the PATH environment variable) contains a list of directories for the shell to search to find executables. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, executables in these directories may be executed instead of system commands. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon, two consecutive colons, or a single period, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Entries starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226475

medium

The library search path environment variable(s) contain a list of directories for the dynamic linker to search to find libraries. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, libraries in these directories may be loaded instead of system libraries. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon or two consecutive colons, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Entries starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226476

medium

The library preload list environment variable contains a list of libraries for the dynamic linker to load before loading the libraries required by the binary. If this list contains paths to libraries relative to the current working directory, unintended libraries may be preloaded. This variable is formatted as a space-separated list of libraries. Paths starting with (/) are absolute paths.

V-226477

medium

Limiting the root account direct logins to only system consoles protects the root account from direct unauthorized access from a non-console device.

V-226478

medium

The remote console feature provides an additional means of access to the system which could allow unauthorized access if not disabled or properly secured. With virtualization technologies, remote console access is essential as there is no physical console for virtual machines. Remote console access must be protected in the same manner as any other remote privileged access method.

V-226479

medium

Direct login with the root account prevents individual user accountability. Acceptable non-routine uses of the root account for direct login are limited to emergency maintenance, the use of single-user mode for maintenance, and situations where individual administrator accounts are not available.

V-226480

medium

If successful and unsuccessful logins and logouts are not monitored or recorded, access attempts cannot be tracked. Without this logging, it may be impossible to track unauthorized access to the system.

V-226481

low

To ensure the root shell is available in repair and administrative modes, the root shell must be located in the / file system.

V-226482

high

If a user accesses the root account (or any account) using an unencrypted connection, the password is passed over the network in clear text form and is subject to interception and misuse. This is true even if recommended procedures are followed by logging on to a named account and using the su command to access root.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000074, SRG-OS-000520

V-226483

medium

Even though communications are encrypted, an additional layer of security may be gained by extending the policy of not logging directly on as root. In addition, logging in with a user-specific account preserves the audit trail.

V-226484

medium

Discretionary access control is undermined if users, other than a file owner, have greater access permissions to system files and directories than the owner.

V-226485

medium

Unowned files and directories may be unintentionally inherited if a user is assigned the same UID as the UID of the unowned files.

V-226486

medium

Files without a valid group-owner may be unintentionally inherited if a group is assigned the same GID as the GID of the files without a valid group-owner.

V-226487

medium

Restricting permission on daemons will protect them from unauthorized modification and possible system compromise.

V-226488

medium

Restricting permission on daemons will protect them from unauthorized modification and possible system compromise.

V-226489

medium

Restricting permissions will protect system command files from unauthorized modification. System command files include files present in directories used by the operating system for storing default system executables and files present in directories included in the system's default executable search paths.

V-226490

medium

V-226491

medium

Restricting permissions will protect the files from unauthorized modification.

V-226492

medium

Restricting permissions will protect the files from unauthorized modification.

V-226493

medium

If the system log files are not protected, unauthorized users could change the logged data, eliminating its forensic value.

V-226494

medium

If the system log files are not protected, unauthorized users could change the logged data, eliminating its forensic value. Authorized software may be given log file access through the use of extended ACLs when needed and configured to provide the least privileges required.

V-226495

low

If manual pages are compromised, misleading information could be inserted, causing actions that may compromise the system.

V-226496

low

If manual pages are compromised, misleading information could be inserted, causing actions that may compromise the system.

V-226497

medium

Unauthorized access could destroy the integrity of the library files.

V-226498

medium

NIS/NIS+/yp files are part of the system's identification and authentication processes and are, therefore, critical to system security. Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to root or bin provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226499

medium

V-226500

medium

NIS/NIS+/yp files are part of the system's identification and authentication processes and are, therefore, critical to system security. Unauthorized modification of these files could compromise these processes and the system.

V-226501

medium

NIS/NIS+/yp files are part of the system's identification and authentication processes and are, therefore, critical to system security. ACLs on these files could result in unauthorized modification, which could compromise these processes and the system.

V-226502

medium

The resolv.conf (or equivalent) file configures the system's DNS resolver. DNS is used to resolve host names to IP addresses. If DNS configuration is modified maliciously, host name resolution may fail or return incorrect information. DNS may be used by a variety of system security functions, such as time synchronization, centralized authentication, and remote system logging.

V-226503

medium

The resolv.conf (or equivalent) file configures the system's DNS resolver. DNS is used to resolve host names to IP addresses. If DNS configuration is modified maliciously, host name resolution may fail or return incorrect information. DNS may be used by a variety of system security functions such as time synchronization, centralized authentication, and remote system logging.

V-226504

medium

V-226505

medium

The resolv.conf (or equivalent) file configures the system's DNS resolver. DNS is used to resolve host names to IP addresses. If DNS configuration is modified maliciously, host name resolution may fail or return incorrect information. DNS may be used by a variety of system security functions such as time synchronization, centralized authentication, and remote system logging.

V-226506

medium

The /etc/hosts file (or equivalent) configures local host name to IP address mappings that typically take precedence over DNS resolution. If this file is maliciously modified, it could cause the failure or compromise of security functions requiring name resolution, which may include time synchronization, centralized authentication, and remote system logging.

V-226507

medium

V-226508

medium

V-226509

medium

V-226510

medium

The nsswitch.conf file (or equivalent) configures the source of a variety of system security information including account, group, and host lookups. Malicious changes could prevent the system from functioning or compromise system security.

V-226511

medium

V-226512

medium

V-226513

medium

V-226514

medium

The /etc/passwd file contains the list of local system accounts. It is vital to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-226515

medium

The /etc/passwd file contains the list of local system accounts. It is vital to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-226516

medium

If the password file is writable by a group owner or the world, the risk of password file compromise is increased. The password file contains the list of accounts on the system and associated information.

V-226517

medium

File system ACLs can provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files. The /etc/passwd file contains the list of local system accounts. It is vital to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-226518

medium

The /etc/group file is critical to system security and must be owned by a privileged user. The group file contains a list of system groups and associated information.

V-226519

medium

The /etc/group file is critical to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification. The group file contains a list of system groups and associated information.

V-226520

medium

The /etc/group file is critical to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification. The group file contains a list of system groups and associated information.

V-226521

medium

The /etc/group file is critical to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification. The group file contains a list of system groups and associated information.

V-226522

medium

The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts. It is vital to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification. Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to root provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226523

medium

The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts. It is vital to system security and must be protected from unauthorized modification. The file also contains password hashes which must not be accessible to users other than root.

V-226524

medium

V-226525

medium

V-226526

low

If users do not have a valid home directory, there is no place for the storage and control of files they own.

V-226527

low

If a user has a home directory defined that does not exist, the user may be given the / directory, by default, as the current working directory upon logon. This could create a Denial of Service because the user would not be able to perform useful tasks in this location.

V-226528

medium

If password hashes are readable by non-administrators, the passwords are subject to attack through lookup tables or cryptographic weaknesses in the hashes.

V-226529

medium

Group passwords are typically shared and should not be used. Additionally, if password hashes are readable by non-administrators, the passwords are subject to attack through lookup tables or cryptographic weaknesses in the hashes.

V-226530

medium

Excessive permissions on home directories allow unauthorized access to user's files.

V-226531

low

Excessive permissions on home directories allow unauthorized access to user's files.

V-226532

low

If users do not own the files in their directories, unauthorized users may be able to access them. Additionally, if files are not owned by the user, this could be an indication of system compromise.

V-226533

medium

If a user's files are group-owned by a group of which the user is not a member, unintended users may be able to access them.

V-226534

low

Excessive permissions allow unauthorized access to user's files.

V-226535

medium

Excessive permissions allow unauthorized access to user files.

V-226536

medium

If the startup files are writable by other users, they could modify the startup files to insert malicious commands into the startup files.

V-226537

medium

If the startup files are writable by other users, they could modify the startup files to insert malicious commands into the startup files.

V-226538

medium

The executable search path (typically the PATH environment variable) contains a list of directories for the shell to search to find executables. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, executables in these directories may be executed instead of system commands. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon, two consecutive colons, or a single period, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226539

medium

The library preload list environment variable contains a list of libraries for the dynamic linker to load before loading the libraries required by the binary. If this list contains paths to libraries to the current working directory that have not been authorized, unintended libraries may be preloaded. This variable is formatted as a space-separated list of libraries. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226540

medium

The library preload list environment variable contains a list of libraries for the dynamic linker to load before loading the libraries required by the binary. If this list contains paths to libraries to the current working directory that have not been authorized, unintended libraries may be preloaded. This variable is formatted as a space-separated list of libraries. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226541

high

World-writable files could be modified accidentally or maliciously to compromise system integrity.

V-226542

medium

System start-up files not owned by root could lead to system compromise by allowing malicious users or applications to modify them for unauthorized purposes. This could lead to system and network compromise.

V-226543

medium

If system start-up files do not have a group owner of root or a system group, the files may be modified by malicious users or intruders.

V-226544

medium

System start-up files executing programs owned by other than root (or another privileged user) or an application indicates the system may have been compromised.

V-226545

medium

Global initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon.

V-226546

medium

If the skeleton files are not protected, unauthorized personnel could change user startup parameters and possibly jeopardize user files.

V-226547

medium

If the skeleton files are not protected, unauthorized personnel could change user's startup parameters and possibly jeopardize user's files.

V-226548

medium

If the skeleton files are not protected, unauthorized personnel could change user startup parameters and possibly jeopardize user files. Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to root provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226549

medium

If the skeleton files are not protected, unauthorized personnel could change user startup parameters and possibly jeopardize user files.

V-226550

medium

The executable search path (typically the PATH environment variable) contains a list of directories for the shell to search to find executables. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, executables in these directories may be executed instead of system commands. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon, two consecutive colons, or a single period, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226551

medium

The library search path environment variable(s) contain a list of directories for the dynamic linker to search to find libraries. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, libraries in these directories may be loaded instead of system libraries. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon, two consecutive colons, or a single period, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226552

medium

The library preload list environment variable contains a list of libraries for the dynamic linker to load before loading the libraries required by the binary. If this list contains paths to libraries to the current working directory that have not been authorized, unintended libraries may be preloaded. This variable is formatted as a space-separated list of libraries. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226553

medium

Local initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon.

V-226554

medium

Local initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon.

V-226555

medium

Local initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon logon.

V-226556

medium

The executable search path (typically the PATH environment variable) contains a list of directories for the shell to search to find executables. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, executables in these directories may be executed instead of system commands. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon, two consecutive colons, or a single period, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226557

medium

The library search path environment variable(s) contain a list of directories for the dynamic linker to search to find libraries. If this path includes the current working directory or other relative paths, libraries in these directories may be loaded instead of system libraries. This variable is formatted as a colon-separated list of directories. If there is an empty entry, such as a leading or trailing colon, two consecutive colons, or a single period, this is interpreted as the current working directory. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226558

medium

The library preload list environment variable contains a list of libraries for the dynamic linker to load before loading the libraries required by the binary If this list contains paths to libraries to the current working directory that have not been authorized, unintended libraries may be preloaded. This variable is formatted as a space-separated list of libraries. Paths starting with a slash (/) are absolute paths.

V-226559

medium

If start-up files execute world-writable programs, especially in unprotected directories, they could be maliciously modified to become Trojans destroying user files or otherwise compromising the system at the user, or higher, level. If the system is compromised at the user level, it is much easier to eventually compromise the system at the root and network level.

V-226560

medium

A plus (+) in system accounts' files causes the system to lookup the specified entry using NIS. If the system is not using NIS, no such entries should exist.

V-226561

medium

Unencrypted passwords for remote FTP servers may be stored in .netrc files. Policy requires passwords be encrypted in storage and not used in access scripts.

V-226562

medium

If these files are not properly configured, they could allow malicious access by unknown malicious users from untrusted hosts who could compromise the system.

V-226563

high

The .rhosts, .shosts, hosts.equiv, and shosts.equiv files are used to configure host-based authentication for individual users or the system. Host-based authentication is not sufficient for preventing unauthorized access to the system.

V-226564

medium

If these files are accessible by users other than root or the owner, they could be used by a malicious user to set up a system compromise.

V-226565

medium

The .rhosts files are used to specify a list of hosts that are permitted remote access to a particular account without authenticating. The use of such a mechanism defeats strong identification and authentication requirements.

V-226566

medium

The shells file (or equivalent) lists approved default shells. It helps provide layered defense to the security approach by ensuring users cannot change their default shell to an unauthorized shell that may not be secure.

V-226567

medium

The shells file lists approved default shells. It helps provide layered defense to the security approach by ensuring users cannot change their default shell to an unauthorized shell that may not be secure.

V-226568

medium

If shell files are owned by users other than root or bin, they could be modified by intruders or malicious users to perform unauthorized actions.

V-226569

medium

If shell files are group-owned by users other than root or a system group, they could be modified by intruders or malicious users to perform unauthorized actions.

V-226570

high

Shells with world/group-write permissions give the ability to maliciously modify the shell to obtain unauthorized access.

V-226571

medium

Shells with world/group write permissions give the ability to maliciously modify the shell to obtain unauthorized access.

V-226572

low

If an unauthorized device is allowed to exist on the system, there is the possibility the system may perform unauthorized operations.

V-226573

medium

System device files in writable directories could be modified, removed, or used by an unprivileged user to control system hardware.

V-226574

medium

System backups could be accidentally or maliciously overwritten and destroy the ability to recover the system if a compromise should occur. Unauthorized users could also copy system files.

V-226575

medium

Globally accessible audio and video devices have proven to be security hazards. There is software that can activate system microphones and video devices connected to user workstations and/or X terminals. Once the microphone has been activated, it is possible to eavesdrop on otherwise private conversations without the victim being aware of it. This action effectively changes the user's microphone to a bugging device.

V-226576

medium

File system ACLs can provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files.

V-226577

medium

Globally Accessible audio and video devices have proven to be security hazards. There is software that can activate system microphones and video devices connected to user workstations and/or X terminals. Once the microphone has been activated, it is possible to eavesdrop on otherwise private conversations without the victim being aware of it. This action effectively changes the user's microphone to a bugging device.

V-226578

medium

Without privileged group owners, audio devices will be vulnerable to being used as eaves-dropping devices by malicious users or intruders to possibly listen to conversations containing sensitive information.

V-226579

medium

All files with the setuid bit set will allow anyone running these files to be temporarily assigned the UID of the file. While many system files depend on these attributes for proper operation, security problems can result if setuid is assigned to programs that allow reading and writing of files, or shell escapes. Only default vendor-supplied executables should have the setuid bit set.

V-226580

medium

Files with the setuid bit set will allow anyone running these files to be temporarily assigned the UID of the file. While many system files depend on these attributes for proper operation, security problems can result if setuid is assigned to programs that allow reading and writing of files, or shell escapes.

V-226581

medium

All files with the setgid bit set will allow anyone running these files to be temporarily assigned the GID of the file. While many system files depend on these attributes for proper operation, security problems can result if setgid is assigned to programs that allow reading and writing of files, or shell escapes.

V-226582

medium

Files with the setgid bit set will allow anyone running these files to be temporarily assigned the group id of the file. While many system files depend on these attributes for proper operation, security problems can result if setgid is assigned to programs that allow reading and writing of files, or shell escapes.

V-226583

medium

World-writable files and directories make it easy for a malicious user to place potentially compromising files on the system.

The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system and by users for temporary file storage (e.g., /tmp) and for directories requiring global read/write access.

V-226584

low

Failing to set the sticky bit on the public directories allows unauthorized users to delete files in the directory structure.

The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system and by users for temporary file storage (e.g., /tmp) and for directories requiring global read/write access.

V-226585

medium

If a public directory has the sticky bit set and is not owned by a privileged UID, unauthorized users may be able to modify files created by others.

The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system and by users for temporary file storage (e.g., /tmp) and for directories requiring global read/write access.

V-226586

medium

If a public directory has the sticky bit set and is not group-owned by a system GID, unauthorized users may be able to modify files created by others.

The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system and by users for temporary file storage (e.g., /tmp) and for directories requiring global read/write access.

V-226587

medium

The umask controls the default access mode assigned to newly created files. An umask of 077 limits new files to mode 700 or less permissive. Although umask can be represented as a 4-digit number, the first digit representing special access modes is typically ignored or required to be 0. This requirement applies to the globally configured system defaults and the user defaults for each account on the system.

V-226588

medium

Vendor accounts and software may contain backdoors allowing unauthorized access to the system. These backdoors are common knowledge and present a threat to system security if the account is not disabled.

V-226589

medium

Without auditing, individual system accesses cannot be tracked and malicious activity cannot be detected and traced back to an individual account.

V-226590

medium

Failure to give ownership of system audit log files to root provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information.

V-226591

medium

Sensitive system and user information could provide a malicious user with enough information to penetrate further into the system.

V-226592

medium

If a user can write to the audit logs, audit trails can be modified or destroyed and system intrusion may not be detected. System audit logs are those files generated from the audit system and do not include activity, error, or other log files created by application software.

V-226593

medium

If a user can write to the audit logs, then audit trails can be modified or destroyed and system intrusion may not be detected.

V-226594

low

To prevent unauthorized access or manipulation of system audit logs, the tools for manipulating those logs must be protected.

V-226595

low

To prevent unauthorized access or manipulation of system audit logs, the tools for manipulating those logs must be protected.

V-226596

low

To prevent unauthorized access or manipulation of system audit logs, the tools for manipulating those logs must be protected.

V-226597

low

To prevent unauthorized access or manipulation of system audit logs, the tools for manipulating those logs must be protected.

V-226598

low

An accurate and current audit trail is essential for maintaining
a record of system activity. If the system fails, the SA must be notified and must take prompt
action to correct the problem.

Minimally, the system must log this event and the SA will receive this notification during the
daily system log review. If feasible, active alerting (such as email or paging) should be
employed consistent with the site's established operations management systems and procedures.

V-226599

medium

If the system is not configured to audit certain activities and write them to an audit log, it is more difficult to detect and track system compromises and damages incurred during a system compromise.

V-226600

medium

An accurate and current audit trail is essential for maintaining a record of system activity. If the system fails, the SA must be notified and must take prompt action to correct the problem.

Minimally, the system must log this event and the SA will receive this notification during the daily system log review. If feasible, active alerting (such as email or paging) should be employed consistent with the site's established operations management systems and procedures.

V-226601

medium

V-226602

low

If the system is not configured to audit certain activities and write them to an audit log, it is more difficult to detect and track system compromises, and damages incurred during a system compromise.

V-226603

low

V-226604

low

V-226605

low

V-226606

medium

V-226607

medium

V-226608

medium

V-226609

medium

Actions concerning dynamic kernel modules must be recorded as they are substantial events. Dynamic kernel modules can increase the attack surface of a system. A malicious kernel module can be used to substantially alter the functioning of a system, often with the purpose of hiding a compromise from the SA.

V-226610

medium

Rotate audit logs daily to preserve audit file system space and to conform to the DoD/DISA requirement. If it is not rotated daily and moved to another location, then there is more of a chance for the compromise of audit data by malicious users.

V-226611

low

Audit records contain evidence that can be used in the investigation of compromised systems. To prevent this evidence from compromise, it must be sent to a separate system continuously. Methods for sending audit records include, but are not limited to, system audit tools used to send logs directly to another host or through the system's syslog service to another host.

V-226612

medium

The cron facility allows users to execute recurring jobs on a regular and unattended basis. The cron.allow file designates accounts allowed to enter and execute jobs using the cron facility. If neither cron.allow nor cron.deny exists, then any account may use the cron facility. This may open the facility up for abuse by system intruders and malicious users.

V-226613

medium

A cron.allow file that is readable and/or writable by other than root could allow potential intruders and malicious users to use the file contents to help discern information, such as who is allowed to execute cron programs, which could be harmful to overall system and network security.

V-226614

medium

V-226615

medium

If cron executes group-writable or world-writable programs, there is a possibility that unauthorized users could manipulate the programs with malicious intent. This could compromise system and network security.

V-226616

medium

If cron programs are located in or subordinate to world-writable directories, they become vulnerable to removal and replacement by malicious users or system intruders.

V-226617

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured.

V-226618

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured.

V-226619

medium

To centralize the management of privileged account crontabs, of the default system accounts, only root may have a crontab.

V-226620

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured.

V-226621

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and to prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured. ACLs on crontab files may provide unauthorized access to the files.

V-226622

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and to prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured.

V-226623

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and to prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured. ACLs on cron and crontab directories may provide unauthorized access to these directories. Unauthorized modifications to these directories or their contents may result in the addition of unauthorized cron jobs or deny service to authorized cron jobs.

V-226624

medium

Incorrect ownership of the cron or crontab directories could permit unauthorized users the ability to alter cron jobs and run automated jobs as privileged users. Failure to give ownership of cron or crontab directories to root or to bin provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226625

medium

To protect the integrity of scheduled system jobs and to prevent malicious modification to these jobs, crontab files must be secured. Failure to give group-ownership of cron or crontab directories to a system group provides the designated group and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226626

medium

Cron logging can be used to trace the successful or unsuccessful execution of cron jobs. It can also be used to spot intrusions into the use of the cron facility by unauthorized and malicious users.

V-226627

medium

Cron logs contain reports of scheduled system activities and must be protected from unauthorized access or manipulation.

V-226628

medium

Cron logs contain reports of scheduled system activities and must be protected from unauthorized access or manipulation.

V-226629

medium

If file permissions for cron.deny are more permissive than 0600, sensitive information could be viewed or edited by unauthorized users.

V-226630

medium

If file permissions for cron.deny are more permissive than 0700, sensitive information could be viewed or edited by unauthorized users.

V-226631

low

The umask controls the default access mode assigned to newly created files. An umask of 077 limits new files to mode 700 or less permissive. Although umask is often represented as a 4-digit octal number, the first digit representing special access modes is typically ignored or required to be 0.

V-226632

medium

If the owner of the cron.allow file is not set to root, bin, or sys, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or to edit sensitive information.

V-226633

medium

File system extended ACLs provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files. Unauthorized modification of the at.allow file could result in Denial of Service to authorized at users and the granting of the ability to run at jobs to unauthorized users.

V-226634

medium

If the group of the cron.allow is not set to root, bin, or sys, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit the list of users permitted to use cron. Unauthorized modification of this file could cause Denial of Service to authorized cron users or provide unauthorized users with the ability to run cron jobs.

V-226635

medium

The at daemon control files restrict access to scheduled job manipulation and must be protected. Unauthorized modification of the at.deny file could result in Denial of Service to authorized at users or provide unauthorized users with the ability to run at jobs.

V-226857

medium

The "at" daemon control files restrict access to scheduled job manipulation and must be protected. Unauthorized modification of the at.deny file could result in Denial of Service to authorized "at" users or provide unauthorized users with the ability to run "at" jobs.

V-226858

medium

Cron daemon control files restrict the scheduling of automated tasks and must be protected.

V-226859

medium

Cron daemon control files restrict the scheduling of automated tasks and must be protected. Unauthorized modification of the cron.deny file could result in Denial of Service to authorized cron users or could provide unauthorized users with the ability to run cron jobs.

V-226860

medium

The at facility selectively allows users to execute jobs at deferred times. It is usually used for one-time jobs. The at.allow file selectively allows access to the at facility. If there is no at.allow file, there is no ready documentation of who is allowed to submit at jobs.

V-226861

medium

On some systems, if there is no at.allow file and there is an empty at.deny file, then the system assumes everyone has permission to use the at facility. This could create an insecure setting in the case of malicious users or system intruders.

V-226862

medium

Default accounts, such as bin, sys, adm, uucp, daemon, and others, should never have access to the at facility. This would create a possible vulnerability open to intruders or malicious users.

V-226863

medium

Permissions more permissive than 0600 (read and write for the owner) may allow unauthorized or malicious access to the at.allow and/or at.deny files.

V-226864

medium

If the "at" facility executes world-writable or group-writable programs, it is possible for the programs to be accidentally or maliciously changed or replaced without the owner's intent or knowledge. This would cause a system security breach.

V-226865

medium

If "at" programs are located in or subordinate to world-writable directories, they become vulnerable to removal and replacement by malicious users or system intruders.

V-226866

medium

If the "at" directory has a mode more permissive than 0755, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or to edit files containing sensitive information within the "at" directory. Unauthorized modifications could result in Denial of Service to authorized "at" jobs.

V-226867

medium

If the "at" directory has an extended ACL, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or to edit files containing sensitive information within the "at" directory. Unauthorized modifications could result in Denial of Service to authorized "at" jobs.

V-226868

medium

If the owner of the "at" directory is not root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or edit files containing sensitive information within the directory.

V-226869

medium

If the "at" directory's group owner is not root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or edit files containing sensitive information within the directory.

V-226870

medium

The umask controls the default access mode assigned to newly created files. An umask of 077 limits new files to mode 700 or less permissive. Although umask is often represented as a 4-digit number, the first digit representing special access modes is typically ignored or required to be 0.

V-226871

medium

If the owner of the at.allow file is not set to root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or edit sensitive information contained within the file.

V-226872

medium

If the group owner of the at.allow file is not set to root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or edit the list of users permitted to run at jobs. Unauthorized modification could result in Denial of Service to authorized at users or provide unauthorized users with the ability to run at jobs.

V-226873

medium

If the owner of the at.deny file is not set to root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or edit sensitive information contained within the file.

V-226874

medium

If the group owner of the at.deny file is not set to root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be allowed to view or edit sensitive information contained within the file. Unauthorized modification could result in Denial of Service to authorized "at" users or provide unauthorized users with the ability to run "at" jobs.

V-226875

low

Process core dumps contain the memory in use by the process when it crashed. Process core dump files can be of significant size and their use can result in file systems filling to capacity, which may result in Denial of Service. Process core dumps can be useful for software debugging.

V-226876

low

Specifying a centralized location for core file creation allows for the centralized protection of core files. Process core dumps contain the memory in use by the process when it crashed. Any data the process was handling may be contained in the core file, and it must be protected accordingly. If process core dump creation is not configured to use a centralized directory, core dumps may be created in a directory that does not have appropriate ownership or permissions configured, which could result in unauthorized access to the core dumps.

V-226877

low

Process core dumps contain the memory in use by the process when it crashed. Any data the process was handling may be contained in the core file, and it must be protected accordingly. If the centralized process core dump data directory is not owned by root, the core dumps contained in the directory may be subject to unauthorized access.

V-226878

low

Process core dumps contain the memory in use by the process when it crashed. Any data the process was handling may be contained in the core file, and it must be protected accordingly. If the centralized process core dump data directory is not group-owned by a system group, the core dumps contained in the directory may be subject to unauthorized access.

V-226879

low

Process core dumps contain the memory in use by the process when it crashed. Any data the process was handling may be contained in the core file, and it must be protected accordingly. If the process core dump data directory has a mode more permissive than 0700, unauthorized users may be able to view or to modify sensitive information contained any process core dumps in the directory.

V-226880

low

Process core dumps contain the memory in use by the process when it crashed. Any data the process was handling may be contained in the core file, and it must be protected accordingly. If the process core dump data directory has an extended ACL, unauthorized users may be able to view or to modify sensitive information contained any process core dumps in the directory.

V-226881

medium

Kernel core dumps may contain the full contents of system memory at the time of the crash. Kernel core dumps may consume a considerable amount of disk space and may result in Denial of Service by exhausting the available space on the target file system. The kernel core dump process may increase the amount of time a system is unavailable due to a crash. Kernel core dumps can be useful for kernel debugging.

V-226882

low

Kernel core dumps may contain the full contents of system memory at the time of the crash. As the system memory may contain sensitive information, it must be protected accordingly. If the kernel core dump data directory is not owned by root, the core dumps contained in the directory may be subject to unauthorized access.

V-226883

low

Kernel core dumps may contain the full contents of system memory at the time of the crash. As the system memory may contain sensitive information, it must be protected accordingly. If the kernel core dump data directory is not group-owned by a system group, the core dumps contained in the directory may be subject to unauthorized access.

V-226884

low

Kernel core dumps may contain the full contents of system memory at the time of the crash. As the system memory may contain sensitive information, it must be protected accordingly. If the mode of the kernel core dump data directory is more permissive than 0700, unauthorized users may be able to view or to modify kernel core dump data files.

V-226885

low

Kernel core dumps may contain the full contents of system memory at the time of the crash. As the system memory may contain sensitive information, it must be protected accordingly. If there is an extended ACL for the kernel core dump data directory, unauthorized users may be able to view or to modify kernel core dump data files.

V-226886

medium

A common type of exploit is the stack buffer overflow. An application receives, from an attacker, more data than it is prepared for and stores this information on its stack, writing beyond the space reserved for it. This can be designed to cause execution of the data written on the stack. One mechanism to mitigate this vulnerability is for the system to not allow the execution of instructions in sections of memory identified as part of the stack.

V-226887

medium

One use of initial TCP sequence numbers is to verify bidirectional communication between two hosts, which provides some protection against spoofed source addresses being used by the connection originator. If the initial TCP sequence numbers for a host can be determined by an attacker, it may be possible to establish a TCP connection from a spoofed source address without bidirectional communication.

V-226888

medium

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest that routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routed traffic, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

V-226889

medium

To provide some mitigation to TCP DoS attacks, the TCP backlog queue sizes must be set to at least 1280 or in accordance with product-specific guidelines.

V-226890

low

The processing of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) timestamp requests increases the attack surface of the system.

V-226891

medium

Responding to broadcast Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echoes facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.

V-226892

medium

The processing of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) timestamp requests increases the attack surface of the system. Responding to broadcast ICMP timestamp requests facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.

V-226893

medium

V-226894

medium

V-226895

medium

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest that routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the handling of source-routed traffic destined to the system itself, not to traffic forwarded by the system to another, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

V-226896

medium

Proxy ARP allows a system to respond to ARP requests on one interface on behalf of hosts connected to another interface. If this function is enabled when not required, addressing information may be leaked between the attached network segments.

V-226897

medium

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.

V-226898

medium

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table that could reveal portions of the network topology.

V-226899

low

Martian packets are packets containing addresses known by the system to be invalid. Logging these messages allows the SA to identify misconfigurations or attacks in progress.

V-226900

low

The use of separate file systems for different paths can protect the system from failures resulting from a file system becoming full or failing.

V-226901

low

The use of separate file systems for different paths can protect the system from failures resulting from a file system becoming full or failing.

V-226902

low

The use of separate filesystems for different paths can protect the system from failures resulting from a filesystem becoming full or failing.

V-226903

medium

File system journaling, or logging, can allow reconstruction of file system data after a system crash, thus, preserving the integrity of data that may have otherwise been lost. Journaling file systems typically do not require consistent checks upon booting after a crash, which can improve system availability. Some file systems employ other mechanisms to ensure consistency which also satisfy this requirement.

V-226904

low

File system journaling, or logging, can allow reconstruction of file system data after a system crash, thus preserving the integrity of data that may have otherwise been lost. Journaling file systems typically do not require consistent checks upon booting after a crash, which can improve system availability. Some file systems employ other mechanisms to ensure consistency which also satisfy this requirement.

V-226905

medium

Monitoring and recording successful and unsuccessful logins assists in tracking unauthorized access to the system.

V-226906

medium

Unnecessary services should be disabled to decrease the attack surface of the system.

V-226907

medium

Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to root provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226908

medium

Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to system groups may provide unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226909

medium

The Internet service daemon configuration files must be protected as malicious modification could cause Denial of Service or increase the attack surface of the system.

V-226910

medium

The Internet service daemon configuration files must be protected as malicious modification could cause Denial of Service or increase the attack surface of the system.

V-226911

medium

Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or utilities to root or bin provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226912

medium

Failure to give ownership of system configuration files to root or a system group provides the designated owner and unauthorized users with the potential to change the system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-226913

medium

The services file is critical to the proper operation of network services and must be protected from unauthorized modification. Unauthorized modification could result in the failure of network services.

V-226914

medium

The services file is critical to the proper operation of network services and must be protected from unauthorized modification. If the services file has an extended ACL, it may be possible for unauthorized users to modify the file. Unauthorized modification could result in the failure of network services.

V-226915

low

Inetd or xinetd logging and tracing allows the system administrators to observe the IP addresses connecting to their machines and to observe what network services are being sought. This provides valuable information when trying to find the source of malicious users and potential malicious users.

V-226916

medium

V-226917

medium

The rshd process provides a typically unencrypted, host-authenticated remote access service. SSH should be used in place of this service.

V-226918

medium

The rlogind process provides a typically unencrypted, host-authenticated remote access service. SSH should be used in place of this service.

V-226919

high

The rexecd process provides a typically unencrypted, host-authenticated remote access service. SSH should be used in place of this service.

V-226920

medium

The rexecd process provides a typically unencrypted, host-authenticated remote access service. SSH should be used in place of this service.

V-226921

high

The telnet daemon provides a typically unencrypted remote access service which does not provide for the confidentiality and integrity of user passwords or the remote session. If a privileged user were to log on using this service, the privileged user password could be compromised.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000074, SRG-OS-000520

V-226922

low

The finger service provides information about the system's users to network clients. This information could expose information that could be used in subsequent attacks.

V-226923

medium

Having the "+" character in the hosts.lpd (or equivalent) file allows all hosts to use local system print resources.

V-226924

medium

Excessive permissions on the hosts.lpd (or equivalent) file may permit unauthorized modification. Unauthorized modifications could disrupt access to local printers from authorized remote hosts or permit unauthorized remote access to local printers.

V-226925

medium

If the traceroute command owner has not been set to root, an unauthorized user could use this command to obtain knowledge of the network topology inside the firewall. This information may allow an attacker to determine trusted routers and other network information possibly leading to system and network compromise.

V-226926

medium

If the group owner of the traceroute command has not been set to a system group, unauthorized users could have access to the command and use it to gain information regarding a network's topology inside of the firewall. This information may allow an attacker to determine trusted routers and other network information possibly leading to system and network compromise.

V-226927

medium

If the mode of the traceroute executable is more permissive than 0700, malicious code could be inserted by an attacker and triggered whenever the traceroute command is executed by authorized users. Additionally, if an unauthorized user is granted executable permissions to the traceroute command, it could be used to gain information about the network topology behind the firewall. This information may allow an attacker to determine trusted routers and other network information that may lead to system and network compromise.

V-226928

medium

If an extended ACL exists on the traceroute executable file, it may provide unauthorized users with access to the file. Malicious code could be inserted by an attacker and triggered whenever the traceroute command is executed by authorized users. Additionally, if an unauthorized user is granted executable permissions to the traceroute command, it could be used to gain information about the network topology behind the firewall. This information may allow an attacker to determine trusted routers and other network information possibly leading to system and network compromise.

V-226929

high

If a web browser flaw is exploited while running as a privileged user, the entire system could be compromised.

Specific exceptions for local service administration should be documented in site-defined policy. These exceptions may include HTTP(S)-based tools used for the administration of the local system, services, or attached devices. Examples of possible exceptions are HP's System Management Homepage (SMH), the CUPS administrative interface, and Sun's StorageTek Common Array Manager (CAM) when these services are running on the local system.

V-226930

medium

If the alias file is not owned by root, an unauthorized user may modify the file to add aliases to run malicious code or redirect email.

V-226931

medium

Excessive permissions on the aliases file may permit unauthorized modification. If the alias file is modified by an unauthorized user, they may modify the file to run malicious code or redirect email.

V-226932

medium

V-226933

high

If a file executed through a mail aliases file is not owned and writable only by root, it may be subject to unauthorized modification. Unauthorized modification of files executed through aliases may allow unauthorized users to attain root privileges.

V-226934

medium

If a file executed through a mail aliases file is not group-owned by root or a system group, it may be subject to unauthorized modification. Unauthorized modification of files executed through aliases may allow unauthorized users to attain root privileges.

V-226935

medium

Excessive permissions on files executed through a mail alias file could result in modification by an unauthorized user, execution of malicious code, and/or system compromise.

V-226936

low

If Sendmail is not configured to log at level 9, system logs may not contain the information necessary for tracking unauthorized use of the Sendmail service.

V-226937

medium

If informational and more severe SMTP service messages are not logged, malicious activity on the system may go unnoticed.

V-226938

medium

If the SMTP service log file is not owned by root, then unauthorized personnel may modify or delete the file to hide a system compromise.

V-226939

medium

If the SMTP service log file is more permissive than 0644, unauthorized users may be allowed to change the log file.

V-226940

medium

If the SMTP service log file has an extended ACL, unauthorized users may be allowed to access or to modify the log file.

V-226941

low

The SMTP EXPN function allows an attacker to determine if an account exists on a system, providing significant assistance to a brute-force attack on user accounts. EXPN may also provide additional information concerning users on the system, such as the full names of account owners.

False Positives:
False positives may occur with the SMTP EXPN check. According to RFC821, it is acceptable for a server to respond with a 250 (success) or 550 (failure) when the server supports the EXPN command. For example, some servers return "550 EXPN command not available", meaning the command is not supported and the machine is not vulnerable. However, a result of "550 That is a mailing list, not a user" would be a failure code, but not an indication of an error, and the machine would be vulnerable. If false positive is suspected, check the log file for the response from the server.

V-226942

low

The VRFY (Verify) command allows an attacker to determine if an account exists on a system, providing significant assistance to a brute-force attack on user accounts. VRFY may provide additional information about users on the system, such as the full names of account owners.

V-226943

low

Very old installations of the Sendmail mailing system contained a feature whereby a remote user connecting to the SMTP port can enter the WIZ command and be given an interactive shell with root privileges.

V-226944

medium

If unrestricted mail relaying is permitted, unauthorized senders could use this host as a mail relay for the purpose of sending SPAM or other unauthorized activity.

V-226945

medium

FTP is typically unencrypted and, therefore, presents confidentiality and integrity risks. FTP may be protected by encryption in certain cases, such as when used in a Kerberos environment. SFTP and FTPS are encrypted alternatives to FTP.

V-226946

medium

Due to the numerous vulnerabilities inherent in anonymous FTP, it is recommended that it not be used. If anonymous FTP must be used on a system, the requirement must be authorized and approved in the system accreditation package.

V-226947

medium

Anonymous FTP is a public data service which is only permitted in a server capacity when located on the DMZ network.

V-226948

medium

The ftpusers file contains a list of accounts not allowed to use FTP to transfer files. If this file does not exist, then unauthorized accounts can utilize FTP.

V-226949

medium

The ftpusers file contains a list of accounts that are not allowed to use FTP to transfer files. If the file does not contain the names of all accounts not authorized to use FTP, then unauthorized use of FTP may take place.

V-226950

medium

If the file ftpusers is not owned by root, an unauthorized user may modify the file to allow unauthorized accounts to use FTP.

V-226951

medium

If the ftpusers file is not group-owned by root or a system group, an unauthorized user may modify the file to allow unauthorized accounts to use FTP.

V-226952

medium

Excessive permissions on the ftpusers file could permit unauthorized modification. Unauthorized modification could result in Denial of Service to authorized FTP users or permit unauthorized users to access the FTP service.

V-226953

medium

V-226954

low

The -l option allows basic logging of connections. The verbose (on HP) and the debug (on Solaris) allow logging of what files the FTP session transferred. This extra logging makes it possible to easily track which files are being transferred onto or from a system. If they are not configured, the only option for tracking is the audit files. The audit files are much harder to read. If auditing is not properly configured, then there would be no record at all of the file transfer transactions.

V-226955

high

If an anonymous FTP account has been configured to use a functional shell, attackers could gain access to the shell if the account is compromised.

V-226956

medium

If an anonymous FTP account does not use a chroot or similarly isolated environment, the system may be more vulnerable to exploits against the FTP service. Such exploits could allow an attacker to gain shell access to the system and view, edit, or remove sensitive files.

V-226957

medium

The umask controls the default access mode assigned to newly created files. An umask of 077 limits new files to mode 700 or less permissive. Although umask is stored as a 4-digit number, the first digit representing special access modes is typically ignored or required to be 0.

V-226958

high

Secure mode limits TFTP requests to a specific directory. If TFTP is not running in secure mode, it may be able to write to any file or directory and may seriously impair system integrity, confidentiality, and availability.

V-226959

high

If TFTP runs with the setuid or setgid bit set, it may be able to write to any file or directory and may seriously impair system integrity, confidentiality, and availability.

V-226960

high

TFTP is a file transfer protocol often used by embedded systems to obtain configuration data or software. The service is unencrypted and does not require authentication of requests. Data available using this service may be subject to unauthorized access or interception.

V-226961

medium

.Xauthority files ensure the user is authorized to access the specific X Windows host. If .Xauthority files are not used, it may be possible to obtain unauthorized access to the X Windows host.

V-226962

medium

.Xauthority files ensure the user is authorized to access the specific X Windows host. Excessive permissions may permit unauthorized modification of these files, which could lead to Denial of Service to authorized access or allow unauthorized access to be obtained.

V-226963

medium

.Xauthority files ensure the user is authorized to access the specific X Windows host. Extended ACLs may permit unauthorized modification of these files, which could lead to Denial of Service to authorized access or allow unauthorized access to be obtained.

V-226964

high

Open X displays allow an attacker to capture keystrokes and to execute commands remotely. Many users have their X Server set to xhost +, permitting access to the X Server by anyone, from anywhere.

V-226965

medium

If access to the X server is not restricted, a user's X session may be compromised.

V-226966

medium

If unauthorized clients are permitted access to the X server, a user's X session may be compromised.

V-226967

medium

If unauthorized clients are permitted access to the X server, a user's X session may be compromised.

V-226968

medium

The UUCP utility is designed to assist in transferring files, executing remote commands, and sending email between UNIX systems over phone lines and direct connections between systems. The UUCP utility is a primitive and arcane system with many security issues. There are alternate data transfer utilities/products that can be configured to more securely transfer data by providing for authentication, as well as encryption.

V-226969

high

Whether active or not, default SNMP passwords, users, and passphrases must be changed to maintain security. If the service is running with the default authenticators, then anyone can gather data about the system and the network and use the information to potentially compromise the integrity of the system or network(s).

V-226970

medium

SNMP Versions 1 and 2 are not considered secure. Without the strong authentication and privacy provided by the SNMP Version 3 User-based Security Model (USM), an attacker or other unauthorized users may gain access to detailed system management information and use the information to launch attacks against the system.

V-226971

medium

The snmpd.conf file contains authenticators and must be protected from unauthorized access and modification.

V-226972

medium

The ability to read the MIB file could impart special knowledge to an intruder or malicious user about the ability to extract compromising information about the system or network.

V-226973

medium

The ability to read the MIB file could impart special knowledge to an intruder or malicious user about the ability to extract compromising information about the system or network.

V-226974

medium

The snmpd.conf files contain authenticators and must be protected from unauthorized access and modification. If the files are not owned by root, they may be subject to access and modification from unauthorized users.

V-226975

medium

The snmpd.conf file contains authenticators and must be protected from unauthorized access and modification. If the file is not group-owned by a system group, it may be subject to access and modification from unauthorized users.

V-226976

medium

The snmpd.conf file contains authenticators and must be protected from unauthorized access and modification.

V-226977

medium

Installing extraneous software on a system designated as a dedicated Network Management System (NMS) server poses a security threat to the system and the network. Should an attacker gain access to the NMS through unauthorized software, the entire network may be susceptible to malicious activity.

V-226978

medium

Unauthorized users must not be allowed to access or modify the /etc/syslog.conf file.

V-226979

medium

Unauthorized users must not be allowed to access or modify the /etc/syslog.conf file.

V-226980

medium

If the /etc/syslog.conf file is not owned by root, unauthorized users could be allowed to view, edit, or delete important system messages handled by the syslog facility.

V-226981

medium

If the group owner of /etc/syslog.conf is not root, bin, or sys, unauthorized users could be permitted to view, edit, or delete important system messages handled by the syslog facility.

V-226982

medium

A syslog server (log host) receives syslog messages from one or more systems. This data can be used as an authoritative log source in the event a system is compromised and its local logs are suspect.

V-226983

medium

If a remote log host is in use and it has not been justified and documented with the IAO, sensitive information could be obtained by unauthorized users without the SA's knowledge. A remote log host is any host to which the system is sending syslog messages over a network.

V-226984

medium

SSHv1 is not a DoD-approved protocol and has many well-known vulnerability exploits. Exploits of the SSH client could provide access to the system with the privileges of the user running the client.

V-226985

medium

The SSH daemon should only listen on network addresses designated for management traffic. If the system has multiple network interfaces and SSH listens on addresses not designated for management traffic, the SSH service could be subject to unauthorized access. If SSH is used for purposes other than management, such as providing an SFTP service, the list of approved listening addresses may be documented.

V-226986

medium

DoD information systems are required to use FIPS 140-2 approved ciphers. SSHv2 ciphers meeting this requirement are 3DES and AES.

By specifying a cipher list with the order of ciphers being in a "strongest to weakest" orientation, the system will automatically attempt to use the strongest cipher for securing SSH connections.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033, SRG-OS-000505, SRG-OS-000555

V-226987

medium

The Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC) mode of encryption as implemented in the SSHv2 protocol is vulnerable to chosen plain text attacks and must not be used.

V-226988

medium

DoD information systems are required to use FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hash functions.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000250, SRG-OS-000495, SRG-OS-000500

V-226989

medium

DoD information systems are required to use FIPS 140-2 approved ciphers. SSHv2 ciphers meeting this requirement are 3DES and AES.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033, SRG-OS-000505, SRG-OS-000555

V-226990

medium

The Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC) mode of encryption as implemented in the SSHv2 protocol is vulnerable to chosen plain text attacks and must not be used.

V-226991

medium

DoD information systems are required to use FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic hash functions.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000250, SRG-OS-000495, SRG-OS-000500

V-226992

medium

Restricting SSH logins to a limited group of users, such as system administrators, prevents password-guessing and other SSH attacks from reaching system accounts and other accounts not authorized for SSH access.

V-226993

medium

If a public host key file is modified by an unauthorized user, the SSH service may be compromised.

V-226994

medium

If an unauthorized user obtains the private SSH host key file, the host could be impersonated.

V-226995

low

GSSAPI authentication is used to provide additional authentication mechanisms to applications. Allowing GSSAPI authentication through SSH exposes the system's GSSAPI to remote hosts, increasing the attack surface of the system. GSSAPI authentication must be disabled unless needed.

V-226996

low

V-226997

medium

If other users have access to modify user-specific SSH configuration files, they may be able to log into the system as another user.

V-226998

medium

If SSH permits rhosts RSA authentication, a user may be able to log in based on the keys of the host originating the request and not any user-specific authentication.

V-226999

medium

If compression is allowed in an SSH connection prior to authentication, vulnerabilities in the compression software could result in compromise of the system from an unauthenticated connection, potentially with root privileges.

V-227000

medium

The SSH daemon must be configured for IP filtering to provide a layered defense against connection attempts from unauthorized addresses.

V-227001

medium

Failure to display the DoD logon banner prior to a logon attempt will negate legal proceedings resulting from unauthorized access to system resources.

The SSH service must be configured to display the DoD logon warning banner through the SSH daemon configuration.

The SSH daemon may also be used to provide SFTP service. The warning banner configuration for SSH will apply to SFTP.

V-227002

medium

If a system has no default gateway defined, the system is at increased risk of man-in-the-middle, monitoring, and Denial of Service attacks.

V-227003

medium

If a system has no default gateway defined, the system is at increased risk of man-in-the-middle, monitoring, and Denial of Service attacks.

V-227004

medium

Installing extraneous software on a system designated as a dedicated router poses a security threat to the system and the network. Should an attacker gain access to the router through the unauthorized software, the entire network is susceptible to malicious activity.

V-227005

medium

Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology information with other routers. If this software is used when not required, system network information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network.

V-227006

medium

Failure to give ownership of the NFS export configuration file to root provides the designated owner and possible unauthorized users with the potential to change system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-227007

medium

Failure to give group ownership of the NFS export configuration file to root or system groups provides the designated group owner and possible unauthorized users with the potential to change system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-227008

low

Excessive permissions on the NFS export configuration file could allow unauthorized modification of the file, which could result in Denial of Service to authorized NFS exports and the creation of additional unauthorized exports.

V-227009

low

File system extended ACLs provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files. Excessive permissions on the NFS export configuration file could allow unauthorized modification of the file, which could result in Denial of Service to authorized NFS exports and the creation of additional unauthorized exports.

V-227010

medium

Failure to give ownership of sensitive files or directories to root provides the designated owner and possible unauthorized users with the potential to access sensitive information or change system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-227011

medium

Failure to give group ownership of sensitive files or directories to root provides the members of the owning group with the potential to access sensitive information or change system configuration which could weaken the system's security posture.

V-227012

medium

When an NFS server is configured to deny remote root access, a selected UID and GID are used to handle requests from the remote root user. The UID and GID should be chosen from the system to provide the appropriate level of non-privileged access.

V-227013

medium

If sec=none on Solaris, all NFS requests are mapped to an unknown/common user instead of being processed according to the provided UID.

V-227014

medium

If the NFS server allows root access to local file systems from remote hosts, this access could be used to compromise the system.

V-227015

medium

Enabling the nosuid mount option prevents the system from granting owner or group-owner privileges to programs with the setuid or setgid bit set. If the system does not restrict this access, users with unprivileged access to the local system may be able to acquire privileged access by executing setuid or setgid files located on the mounted NFS file system.

V-227016

medium

Peer-to-peer file-sharing software can result in the unintentional exfiltration of information. There are also many legal issues associated with these types of utilities including copyright infringement or other intellectual property issues. The ASD Memo "Use of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) File-Sharing Applications across the DoD" states the following:

"P2P file-sharing applications are authorized for use on DoD networks with approval by the appropriate Designated Approval Authority (DAA). Documented requirements, security architecture, configuration management process, and a training program for users are all requirements within the approval process. The unauthorized use of application or services, including P2P applications, is prohibited, and such applications or services must be eliminated."

P2P applications include, but are not limited to, the following:

-Napster,
-Kazaa,
-ARES,
-Limewire,
-IRC Chat Relay, and
-BitTorrent.

V-227017

medium

Samba is a tool used for the sharing of files and printers between Windows and UNIX operating systems. It provides access to sensitive files and, therefore, poses a security risk if compromised.

V-227018

medium

The smb.conf file allows access to other machines on the network and grants permissions to certain users. If it is owned by another user, the file may be maliciously modified and the Samba configuration could be compromised.

V-227019

medium

If the group owner of the smb.conf file is not root or a system group, the file may be maliciously modified and the Samba configuration could be compromised.

V-227020

medium

If the smb.conf file has excessive permissions, the file may be maliciously modified and the Samba configuration could be compromised.

V-227021

medium

Excessive permissions could endanger the security of the Samba configuration file and, ultimately, the system and network.

V-227022

medium

If the smbpasswd file is not owned by root, the smbpasswd file may be maliciously accessed or modified, potentially resulting in the compromise of Samba accounts.

V-227023

medium

If the smbpasswd file is not group-owned by root, the smbpasswd file may be maliciously accessed or modified, potentially resulting in the compromise of Samba accounts.

V-227024

medium

If the smbpasswd file has a mode more permissive than 0600, the smbpasswd file may be maliciously accessed or modified, potentially resulting in the compromise of Samba accounts.

V-227025

medium

If the permissions of the smbpasswd file are too permissive, the smbpasswd file may be maliciously accessed or modified, potentially resulting in the compromise of Samba accounts.

V-227026

medium

Samba increases the attack surface of the system and must be restricted to communicate only with systems requiring access.

V-227027

medium

Samba share authentication does not provide for individual user identification and must not be used.

V-227028

medium

Samba must be configured to protect authenticators. If Samba passwords are not encrypted for storage, plain-text user passwords may be read by those with access to the Samba password file.

V-227029

medium

Guest access to shares permits anonymous access and is not permitted.

V-227030

medium

Internet Network News (INN) servers access Usenet newsfeeds and store newsgroup articles. INN servers use the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to transfer information from the Usenet to the server and from the server to authorized remote hosts.

If this function is necessary to support a valid mission requirement, its use must be authorized and approved in the system accreditation package.

V-227031

medium

Excessive permissions on the hosts.nntp file may allow unauthorized modification which could lead to Denial-of-Service to authorized users or provide access to unauthorized users.

V-227032

medium

File system extended ACLs provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files. Excessive permissions on the hosts.nntp file may allow unauthorized modification which could lead to Denial of Service to authorized users or provide access to unauthorized users.

V-227033

medium

Excessive permissions on the hosts.nntp.nolimit file may allow unauthorized modification which could lead to Denial-of-Service to authorized users or provide access to unauthorized users.

V-227034

medium

File system extended ACLs provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files. Excessive permissions on the hosts.nntp.nolimit file may allow unauthorized modification which could lead to Denial of Service to authorized users or provide access to unauthorized users.

V-227035

medium

Excessive permissions on the nnrp.access file may allow unauthorized modification which could lead to Denial-of-Service to authorized users or provide access to unauthorized users.

V-227036

medium

File system extended ACLs provide access to files beyond what is allowed by the mode numbers of the files. Excessive permissions on the nnrp.access file may allow unauthorized modification which could lead to Denial of Service to authorized users or provide access to unauthorized users.

V-227037

medium

File permissions more permissive than 0600 for /etc/news/passwd.nntp may allow access to privileged information by system intruders or malicious users.

V-227038

medium

Extended ACLs may provide excessive permissions on the /etc/news/passwd.nntp file, which may permit unauthorized access or modification to the NNTP configuration.

V-227039

medium

If critical system files are not owned by a privileged user, system integrity could be compromised.

V-227040

medium

If critical system files do not have a privileged group owner, system integrity could be compromised.

V-227041

high

Implementing NIS or NIS+ under UDP may make the system more susceptible to a Denial of Service attack and does not provide the same quality of service as TCP.

V-227042

medium

Due to numerous security vulnerabilities existing within NIS, it must not be used. Possible alternative directory services are NIS+ and LDAP.

V-227043

medium

The use of hard-to-guess NIS domain names provides additional protection from unauthorized access to the NIS directory information.

V-227044

medium

If the NIS+ server is not operating in, at least, security level 2, there is no encryption and the system could be penetrated by intruders and/or malicious users.

V-227045

low

ACLs can provide permissions beyond those permitted through the file mode and must be verified by file integrity tools.

V-227046

low

Extended attributes in file systems are used to contain arbitrary data and file metadata with security implications.

V-227047

low

File integrity tools often use cryptographic hashes for verifying that file contents have not been altered. These hashes must be FIPS 140-2 approved.

V-227048

medium

If access attempts are not logged, then multiple attempts to log on to the system by an unauthorized user may go undetected.

V-227049

medium

Virus scanning software can be used to protect a system from penetration by computer viruses and to limit their spread through intermediate systems.

V-227050

medium

The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a relatively new protocol developed by Oracle for communication between the nodes of a cluster. Binding this protocol to the network stack increases the attack surface of the host. Unprivileged local processes may be able to cause the system to dynamically load a protocol handler by opening a socket using the protocol.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000096, SRG-OS-000510

V-227051

medium

The Transparent Inter-Process Communication (TIPC) protocol is a relatively new cluster communications protocol developed by Ericsson. Binding this protocol to the network stack increases the attack surface of the host. Unprivileged local processes may be able to cause the kernel to dynamically load a protocol handler by opening a socket using the protocol.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000096, SRG-OS-000510

V-227052

medium

6to4 is an IPv6 transition mechanism that involves tunneling IPv6 packets encapsulated in IPv4 packets on an ad-hoc basis. This is not a preferred transition strategy and increases the attack surface of the system.

V-227053

medium

IP tunneling mechanisms can be used to bypass network filtering.

V-227054

medium

DHCP allows for the unauthenticated configuration of network parameters on the system by exchanging information with a DHCP server.

V-227055

medium

V-227056

medium

V-227057

medium

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest that routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routed traffic, such as when IPv6 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

V-227058

medium

Responding to broadcast ICMP echo requests facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.

V-227059

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. Communication between an LDAP server and a host using LDAP requires protection.

Satisfies: SRG-OS-000250, SRG-OS-000495, SRG-OS-000500

V-227060

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-227061

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-227062

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-227063

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-227064

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-227065

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification

V-227066

medium

LDAP can be used to provide user authentication and account information, which are vital to system security. The LDAP client configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification.

V-227067

low

Automated file system mounting tools may provide unprivileged users with the ability to access local media and network shares. If this access is not necessary for the system's operation, it must be disabled to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to these resources.

V-227068

low

USB is a common computer peripheral interface. USB devices may include storage devices that could be used to install malicious software on a system or exfiltrate data.

V-227069

low

USB is a common computer peripheral interface. USB devices may include storage devices that could be used to install malicious software on a system or exfiltrate data.

V-227070

low

Firewire is a common computer peripheral interface. Firewire devices may include storage devices that could be used to install malicious software on a system or exfiltrate data.

V-227071

medium

A local firewall protects the system from exposing unnecessary or undocumented network services to the local enclave. If a system within the enclave is compromised, firewall protection on an individual system continues to protect it from attack.

V-227072

medium

V-227073

high

The ability to boot from removable media is the same as being able to boot into single user or maintenance mode without a password. This ability could allow a malicious user to boot the system and perform changes possibly compromising or damaging the system. It could also allow the system to be used for malicious purposes by a malicious anonymous user.

V-227074

medium

A system's BIOS or system controller handles the initial startup of a system and its configuration must be protected from unauthorized modification. When the BIOS or system controller supports the creation of user accounts or passwords, such protections must be used and accounts/passwords only assigned to system administrators. Failure to protect BIOS or system controller settings could result in Denial-of-Service or compromise of the system resulting from unauthorized configuration changes.

V-227075

high

Storing the boot loader on removable media in an insecure location could allow a malicious user to modify the systems boot instructions or boot to an insecure operating system.

V-227076

low

To prevent the installation of software from unauthorized sources, the system package management tool must use cryptographic algorithms to verify the packages are authentic.

V-227077

low

System package management tools can obtain a list of updates and patches from a package repository and make this information available to the SA for review and action. Using a package repository outside of the organization's control, presents a risk that malicious packages could be introduced.

V-227078

medium

In accordance with CTO 07-015 PKI authentication is required. This provides stronger, two-factor authentication than using a username/password.

NOTE: The following are exempt from this, however, they must meet all password requirements and must be documented with the IAO:

- Stand-alone systems.
- Application Accounts.
- Students or unpaid employees (such as, interns) who are not eligible to receive or not in receipt of a CAC, PIV, or ALT.
- Warfighters and support personnel located at operational tactical locations conducting wartime operations that are not collocated with RAPIDS workstations to issue CAC; are not eligible for CAC or do not have the capability to use ALT.
- Test systems that have an Interim Approval to Test (IATT) and provide protection via separate VPN, firewall, or security measures preventing access to network and system components from outside the protection boundary documented in the IATT.

V-227079

medium

Failure to give ownership of the hosts.lpd file to root provides the designated owner, and possible unauthorized users, with the potential to modify the hosts.lpd file. Unauthorized modifications could disrupt access to local printers from authorized remote hosts or permit unauthorized remote access to local printers.

V-227080

medium

V-233302

medium

V-233304

medium

Enabling X11 Forwarding on the host can permit a malicious user to secretly open another X11 connection to another remote client during the session and perform unobtrusive activities such as keystroke monitoring. If the X11 services are not required for the system's intended function, they should be disabled or restricted as appropriate to the user's needs.
By default, sshd binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets the hostname part of the DISPLAY environment variable to "localhost". This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display.

Solaris 10 SPARC Security Technical Implementation Guide

Solaris 10 SPARC Security Technical Implementation Guide

Assessment Title

Description